Myoshinji Temple (Ukyo-ku, Kyoto Prefecture) Complete Guide | History, Highlights, and Access Information for Japan’s Largest Zen Temple
Located in Hanazono, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto City, Myoshinji Temple is the head temple of the Myoshinji branch of the Rinzai school of Zen Buddhism. It is one of Japan’s largest Zen temples, overseeing approximately 3,350 of the roughly 5,650 Rinzai Zen temples in Japan. Affectionately known as the “Western Imperial Palace” by Kyoto residents, its vast grounds contain 46 sub-temples and house numerous national treasures and important cultural properties.
History and Origins of Myoshinji Temple
Founded by Emperor Hanazono
The history of Myoshinji Temple dates back to the late Kamakura period and the Nanboku-cho period. It was founded by the 95th Emperor Hanazono (1297-1348), its mountain name is Shōhōzan, and its principal image is Shakyamuni Buddha.
After abdicating at a young age, Emperor Hanazono became deeply devoted to Zen practice. In 1337 (Kenmu 4), he converted his detached palace, Hanazono Gosho, into a Zen temple and invited Kanzan Egen (Muso Daishi), a Dharma successor of the high-ranking priest Soho Myocho of Daitoku-ji Temple, to be its founding abbot. This marked the beginning of Myoshin-ji Temple.
Kanzan Egen and the Spirit of Myoshin-ji Temple
The founding abbot, Kanzan Egen (1277-1360), was a high-ranking priest with the posthumous title of “Muso Daishi,” known for his strict Zen style. Despite receiving the devotion of Emperor Hanazono, he disliked luxury and maintained a simple life of ascetic practice. This spirit has been passed down to this day as the “family tradition of Myoshin-ji Temple.”
Kanzan Egen practiced the Zen teaching of “If you do not work for a day, you do not eat for a day,” and he himself performed farm work and earned his living through alms-begging. This practical Zen approach became the foundation for Myoshin-ji Temple’s later development into the largest Zen Buddhist sect in Japan.
The Ōnin War and Reconstruction
Myoshin-ji Temple flourished during the Muromachi period, but most of its buildings were destroyed in the Ōnin War, which began in 1467. However, from the Sengoku period to the early Edo period, it achieved a remarkable reconstruction with the support of many daimyo and wealthy merchants.
In particular, it received the devotion of warlords such as Hosokawa Katsumoto, Ishikawa Mitsutada, and Fukushima Masanori, and numerous sub-temples were built. This led to the formation of the current group of 46 sub-temples.
Highlights and Cultural Assets of Myoshin-ji Temple
National Treasure “Ōshōchō Bell”
The national treasure representing Myoshin-ji Temple is the bell “Ōshōchō Bell,” housed in the bathhouse (Akechi-buro). This bell is believed to have been cast in 698 (the second year of Emperor Monmu’s reign), making it one of the oldest existing temple bells in Japan.
“Ōshōchō” is a musical scale used in Gagaku (Japanese court music), and this bell was given this name because of its beautiful tone. Unlike the typical “gong” sound of temple bells, this bell has a clear, long-lasting resonance.
The Hatto (Dharma Hall) and Kano Tan’yū’s “Cloud Dragon Painting”
The Hatto (Dharma Hall) of Myōshin-ji Temple is a nationally important cultural property built in 1656 (the second year of the Meireki era), a magnificent example of Zen Buddhist architecture. On its ceiling is the “Cloud Dragon Painting,” which Kano Tan’yū painted over eight years when he was 55 years old.
The dragon, depicted within a circle approximately 12 meters in diameter, is painted in such a way that it appears to make eye contact with the viewer from any angle, earning it the nickname “the dragon that stares in all directions.” Considered one of Tan’yu’s greatest masterpieces, its power and exquisite detail overwhelm visitors.
During your visit to the main hall, you can admire this Cloud Dragon painting while listening to an explanation from a monk. You can also receive an explanation about the national treasure, the oldest bell in Japan, inside the main hall.
The Great Kitchen and Abbot’s Quarters
The Great Kitchen (Ōkuri) of Myōshin-ji Temple is a building that serves as the kitchen and office in a Zen temple, and its scale is among the largest of all Zen temples in Japan.
The Abbot’s Quarters (Ōhōjō) is an important cultural property built in 1654 (Jōō 3), and its interior is adorned with screen paintings by the Kano school. The “Bamboo and Tiger” painting, in particular, is a magnificent work of art that expresses the spirit of Zen. The front garden of the Abbot’s Quarters is a dry landscape garden, a simple yet profoundly spiritual design using white sand and rock formations.
Bathroom (Akechi Bath)
The bathroom, designated as an Important Cultural Property, is commonly known as the “Akechi Bath.” This name originates from a legend that it was built by the monk Mitsumune, Akechi Mitsuhide’s uncle, to commemorate Mitsuhide, who perished in the Honnoji Incident.
This steam bath-style bathroom was used as part of the training at the Zen temple. While the interior is not currently open to the public, its historical value can be appreciated from its exterior.
Sub-temples of Myoshinji Temple
Within the grounds of Myoshinji Temple are 46 sub-temples, each possessing its own unique history and cultural assets. Not all sub-temples are open to the public at all times, but here are some of the major ones.
Taizoin Temple
Taizoin Temple is particularly famous among Myoshinji’s sub-temples and houses the national treasure “Hyōnen-zu” (a painting of a gourd and a catfish) (a replica is currently on display). This painting, attributed to Josetsu, is considered one of the oldest ink paintings in Japan and is a visual representation of the Zen koan, “Can a gourd be used to catch a catfish?”
Taizoin Temple also boasts impressive gardens. The dry landscape garden, “Motonobu Garden,” attributed to Kano Motonobu, is designated a historical site and place of scenic beauty, preserving the aesthetic sensibilities of the Muromachi period.
Furthermore, the pond garden “Yokoen,” known as a famous garden of the Showa era, was designed by Nakane Kinsaku. Seasonal flowers bloom throughout the year, and it is particularly bustling with visitors during cherry blossom and autumn foliage seasons. Visitors can enjoy matcha tea while gazing at the garden, immersing themselves in the world of Zen in tranquility.
Keishun-in Temple
Keishun-in Temple is a sub-temple known for its beautiful gardens. It features four gardens: “The Garden of Purity,” “The Garden of Wabi,” “The Garden of Contemplation,” and “The Garden of True Reality,” each expressing a different state of Zen. In particular, the “Wabi Garden” is a dry landscape garden embodying the spirit of the tea ceremony, characterized by its simple beauty created by moss and stone arrangements. The view from the study creates a tranquil space where you can forget the passage of time.
Daishin-in
Daishin-in is a sub-temple that offers lodging to the general public. You can experience the daily life of a Zen temple by enjoying vegetarian cuisine and participating in morning prayers.
The garden is called the “Aun Garden,” and consists of two dry landscape gardens paired together. The lodging experience is popular as a valuable opportunity to experience the spirit of Myoshin-ji Temple.
Torin-in
Torin-in is usually closed to the public, but special openings are held a few times a year. The “Shara Flower Appreciation Gathering” (mid-June) is particularly famous, allowing visitors to admire the garden when the Shara twin trees are in bloom.
The dry landscape garden known as the “Ten Ox Herding Pictures” depicts the ten stages of Zen enlightenment, evoking a profound sense of spirituality.
Yotokuin Temple
Yotokuin is a sub-temple known for its Zen meditation sessions and Goshuin (temple stamps). Regular Zen meditation sessions are held, with careful instruction provided for beginners.
The monthly Goshuin stamps are also popular, attracting many visitors seeking designs reflecting the changing seasons. The temple aims to be “approachable and welcoming,” striving to be accessible to modern people.
Experiences at Myoshinji Temple
Zen Meditation Sessions
Myoshinji Temple holds Zen meditation sessions at its main temple and several sub-temples. Participation is available at various levels, from beginner-friendly Zen experiences to more intensive Zen practice.
At the Zen meditation sessions, monks provide careful instruction on Zen meditation etiquette and breathing techniques. Away from the hustle and bustle of everyday life, the quiet time for self-reflection is highly praised by many participants, who describe it as “cleansing for the soul.”
Since the dates, times, and reservation requirements vary by sub-temple, it is recommended to inquire with each temple in advance.
Dharma Talks and Sutra Copying
Regular Dharma talks are held, offering easy-to-understand explanations of Zen teachings and Buddhist wisdom. Sutra copying sessions are also popular, providing a calming experience through the quiet copying of sutras such as the Heart Sutra.
Goshuin Stamp Pilgrimage
Myoshinji Temple and its sub-temples each offer their own unique goshuin (temple stamps). While the main temple’s goshuin office offers the basic Myoshinji stamp, there is also the enjoyment of collecting multiple stamps by visiting each sub-temple.
In particular, Yotokuin offers monthly and seasonal goshuin, making it popular among collectors. Goshuin are a symbol of faith, so it is important to receive them with respect and reverence.
Annual Events at Myoshin-ji Temple
Memorial Service for Emperor Hanazono (April)
This memorial service is held on the anniversary of the death of Emperor Hanazono, the temple’s founder. Monks of the Myoshin-ji school gather for a solemn ceremony.
Memorial Service for the Founder (January)
This memorial service is held on the anniversary of the death of the temple’s founder, Kanzan Egen. It is an important event that reaffirms the spiritual origins of Myoshin-ji Temple.
Cherry Blossom and Autumn Foliage Viewing Events
During the cherry blossom season in spring and the autumn foliage season in autumn, sub-temples that are usually closed to the public are sometimes specially opened. In particular, Taizoin’s “Yokoen” garden is known as a famous spot for cherry blossoms and autumn leaves.
Access to Myoshin-ji Temple
Access by Train
The most convenient way to reach Myoshin-ji Temple is by using the JR Sagano Line (San’in Main Line).
Get off at Hanazono Station on the JR Sagano Line
- Approximately 10 minutes from Kyoto Station
- Approximately 5 minutes on foot from Hanazono Station to the North Gate of Myoshinji Temple
- Approximately 7 minutes on foot to the South Gate (Main Gate)
Hanazono Station is only served by local trains. If you are using an express train, you will need to transfer at Nijo Station or Enmachi Station.
Get off at Myoshinji Station on the Keifuku Electric Railway (Arashiyama Line) Kitano Line
- Approximately 3 minutes on foot from Myoshinji Station to the North Gate
- Convenient access from Shijo-Omiya or Kitano-Hakubaicho area
Access by Bus
City Bus
- From JR Kyoto Station: Get off at “Myoshinji Kitamon-mae” (Myoshinji North Gate) on bus route 26, or approximately 3 minutes on foot from “Myoshinji-mae” bus stop
- From Shijo-Karasuma: Get off at “Myoshinji-mae” (Myoshinji-mae) on bus routes 91 or 93, approximately 3 minutes on foot
- Bus routes 10 and 26 are also available
Kyoto City Buses may be delayed due to traffic conditions, so it is recommended to plan with extra time.
Access by Car
Using the Meishin Expressway
- From Kyoto South Interchange: Approximately 30 minutes via National Route 1
- From Kyoto East Interchange: Approximately 25 minutes via National Route 161
Parking Information
- Myoshinji Temple has a free parking lot for visitors (next to Hanazono Kaikan)
- Accommodates approximately 50 regular cars
- Large buses require reservations (advance contact is necessary)
During peak tourist seasons and weekends, it can get crowded, so we recommend using public transportation.
Visiting Information
Visiting Hours and Fees
Myoshinji Temple (Main Hall, Main Kitchen, Bathhouse, etc.)
- Visiting Hours: 9:10 AM – 3:40 PM (Guided tours every 20 minutes)
- March – October: 9:10 AM – 11:50 AM, 12:30 PM – 3:40 PM
- November – February: 9:10 AM – 11:50 AM, 12:30 PM – 3:30 PM
- Admission Fee: Adults 700 yen, Junior/Senior High School Students 500 yen, Elementary School Students 300 yen
- Duration: Approximately 40 minutes (Guided tour by a monk)
Sub-Temples
Visiting hours and fees vary depending on the sub-temple.
- Taizoin Temple: 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM, Admission Fee: 500 yen
- Keishunin Temple: 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM, Admission Fee: 400 yen
Many sub-temples are usually closed to the public, but may be open during special opening periods in spring and autumn.
Contact Information
Myoshinji Temple (Main Temple)
- Address: 1 Hanazono Myoshinji-cho, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture 616-8035
- Phone: 075-461-5226
- Official Website: https://www.myoshinji.or.jp/
Individual Sub-Temples
For inquiries regarding sub-temples, please contact each temple directly. Contact information is available on the Myoshinji Temple official website.
Nearby Tourist Attractions
Ryoanji Temple
Located about a 15-minute walk from Myoshinji Temple, Ryoanji Temple, a World Heritage Site, is a Rinzai Zen temple famous for its rock garden. Visiting Myoshin-ji Temple and Ninna-ji Temple together will give you a deeper understanding of Kyoto’s Zen culture.
Ninna-ji Temple
Ninna-ji Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is about a 10-minute walk from Myoshin-ji Temple. This Shingon Buddhist temple is famous for its Omuro cherry blossoms and is bustling with tourists in the spring.
Toji-in Temple
Toji-in Temple, the family temple of the Ashikaga shogunate, is also within walking distance. It is known for its beautiful gardens and wooden statues of Ashikaga shoguns.
Kitano Tenmangu Shrine
Kitano Tenmangu Shrine, dedicated to Sugawara no Michizane, the god of learning, is about a 10-minute ride on the Keifuku Electric Railway. It is also famous for its plum blossoms and autumn leaves.
Points to Remember When Visiting Myoshinji Temple
Clothing and Items to Bring
- Comfortable walking shoes: Sneakers are recommended as you will be walking around the vast temple grounds.
- Seasonal clothing: It can be hot in summer and very cold in winter, so wear clothing that allows for temperature adjustment.
- Camera: Photography is permitted in many areas, such as the gardens (however, photography is prohibited inside the main hall, etc.).
- Goshuincho (stamp book): Essential if you plan to visit multiple sub-temples.
Recommended Visiting Route
Half-Day Course (Approx. 3 Hours)
- Visit Myoshinji Temple (Main Hall and Main Kitchen) (Approx. 40 minutes)
- Visit the garden of Taizoin Temple (Approx. 45 minutes)
- Visit Keishun-in or Yotoku-in Temple (Approx. 30 minutes)
- Temple Grounds Stroll & Stamp Collecting (approx. 1 hour)
Full-Day Course (approx. 6 hours)
Morning: Visit Myoshinji Temple’s main temple and major sub-temples
Lunch: Hanazono Kaikan or nearby restaurants
Afternoon: Visit nearby temples such as Ryoanji and Ninnaji
Visiting Etiquette
- Be quiet: Zen temples are places of training. Please refrain from loud conversations.
- Pay attention to areas where photography is prohibited: There are areas where photography is prohibited, such as inside the main hall.
- Remove and put on shoes: When entering buildings, please carefully arrange your shoes.
- Protect the gardens: Please refrain from touching plants and stones in the gardens.
The Charm of Myoshinji Temple
The greatest charm of Myoshinji Temple lies in its history and tradition as Japan’s largest Zen temple, having preserved the spirit of Zen for over 600 years. The 46 sub-temples scattered throughout the vast grounds each possess their own unique history and cultural assets, offering new discoveries with every visit.
Precious cultural assets such as the national treasure bell “Oshocho no Kane” and Kano Tan’yu’s “Cloud Dragon Painting” occupy an important place in the history of Japanese art and religion. Furthermore, the numerous gardens embodying the aesthetics of Zen, such as Taizoin’s “Yokoen” and the four gardens of Keishun-in, captivate visitors with their seasonal beauty.
More than just a tourist destination, it also serves as a place where modern people can experience the teachings of Zen and find peace of mind through Zen meditation sessions, sutra copying, and Dharma talks. With an attitude of “low thresholds and wide entrances,” it continues to transmit Kyoto’s spiritual culture to the present day as a temple open to many people.
When you visit Kyoto, be sure to experience the world of Zen at Myoshin-ji Temple and the depth of Japanese spiritual culture. The beautiful gardens spreading amidst the tranquility, the historical buildings, and the daily practice of the monks will surely remind us of important things.
