Complete Guide to Hounji Temple | History, Highlights, Access, and Annual Events
Hounji is the name of several temples located throughout Japan, each with its own unique history and characteristics. This article provides a comprehensive explanation of the particularly famous Hounji temples, covering their historical background, architectural style, highlights within the temple grounds, annual events, visiting information, and access methods.
What is Hounji Temple?
The name Hounji is widely used for Buddhist temples, and there are temples with the same name throughout Japan. Particularly famous are the Obaku sect Houn Zenji in Mihara-ku, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture; the Rinzai sect Myoshinji-ha Hounji in Fuji City, Shizuoka Prefecture; the Rinzai sect Myoshinji-ha Hounji in Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture; and the Nichiren sect Hounji in Shibuya-ku, Tokyo.
Each Hounji temple belongs to a different sect and possesses its own unique history and cultural assets. This article primarily focuses on Houn Zenji in Mihara-ku, Sakai City, while also introducing the characteristics of other Hounji temples in various locations.
History of Houn-zenji Temple, Mihara-ku, Sakai City
Founding and Construction
Houn-zenji Temple (Daihozan Houn-zenji), located in Imai, Mihara-ku, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture, was founded in 1672 (Kanbun 12) by Zen Master Ekoku Domyo, known as one of the three great figures of the Obaku school. The Obaku school is a branch of Zen Buddhism that was introduced from China in the early Edo period and is known for its unique architectural style and rituals.
Zen Master Ekoku Domyo was a high-ranking monk of the late Ming Dynasty in China, a disciple of Zen Master Ingen Ryuki, and one of the important figures who introduced the Obaku school to Japan. Houn-zenji Temple, as a temple of the rank of a central head temple of the Obaku school, has developed as a center of the Obaku school in the Kansai region.
Historical Changes
With a history of over 350 years since its founding, Houn-zenji Temple flourished as a center of local faith throughout the Edo period. Although affected by the anti-Buddhist movement after the Meiji Restoration, the temple was preserved thanks to the deep faith of the local residents, and the Obaku-style temple layout and buildings have been well-preserved to this day.
From the Showa to the Heisei period, improvements were made to the temple grounds and the preservation of cultural properties, and six buildings, including the main hall, were designated as tangible cultural properties by Sakai City.
About the Obaku School
Characteristics of the Obaku School
The Obaku school is one of the three major Zen schools in Japan, alongside the Rinzai and Soto schools. It was founded in 1654 during the early Edo period by Zen Master Ingen Ryūki, who came to Japan from Fujian Province, China. Its head temple is Manpuku-ji in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture, and it retains a strong influence of the Zen style of the Ming Dynasty in China.
Characteristics of the Obaku school include its Chinese-style architecture, the use of Buddhist chants (bonbai) in rituals, and the tradition of vegetarian cuisine known as Fucha cuisine. Furthermore, the fusion of Zen practice and Nembutsu (chanting of Amida Buddha’s name) is a distinctive feature.
The Charm of Obaku Architecture
The temple complex of Houn-zenji is composed in the typical Obaku style. The main gate, Tenno-den (Hall of Heavenly Kings), Daiden (Main Hall), Kaisan-do (Founder’s Hall), and Yosen-den (Hall of the Yosen Hall) are arranged in a straight line, faithfully reproducing the layout of Chinese temple complexes. Details of the buildings reveal Chinese architectural design elements throughout, such as the swastika-patterned railings, Obaku-style ceilings, and arched windows.
These buildings are a valuable cultural heritage that conveys their original appearance and are highly regarded as representative examples of Obaku architecture in Japan.
Highlights of the Temple Grounds
Main Hall (Daiden)
The main hall of Houn-zenji is a typical example of Obaku-style architecture and is designated as a tangible cultural property by Sakai City. Inside, the principal image of Shakyamuni Buddha is enshrined, flanked by the bodhisattvas Manjushri and Samantabhadra. A painting of a dragon adorns the ceiling, welcoming visitors with a solemn atmosphere.
The building’s structure is based on the Chinese Ming Dynasty style, with the arrangement of pillars and beams, the curvature of the roof, and other details reflecting the characteristics of Chinese architecture.
Main Gate and Heavenly King Hall
Upon entering the temple grounds, the first thing that catches the eye is the imposing main gate. It has a two-story structure in the Obaku style, with a bell tower on the upper level. Beyond the gate is the Heavenly King Hall, where the statues of the Four Heavenly Kings are enshrined.
The Heavenly King Hall is a type of architecture unique to Chinese temples and is rarely seen in typical Japanese Zen temples. This spatial arrangement is a major characteristic of Obaku Zen temples.
Famous Azalea Spot
Houn Zenji Temple is known as one of the leading azalea spots in the Kansai region. The temple grounds are planted with azaleas over approximately 10,000 tsubo (about 33,000 square meters), and every year from late April to early May, they bloom in vibrant colors.
Red, white, pink, and other colors of azaleas adorn the grounds, attracting many worshippers and tourists. During the azalea blooming season, special viewings are offered, sometimes allowing visitors to see areas normally inaccessible.
3,333 Buddha Statues
One of the most remarkable features of Houn Zenji Temple is the 3,333 Buddha statues enshrined within its grounds. These statues are housed in the main hall and other halls, creating a breathtaking spectacle. Each statue has a different expression, leaving a profound impression on visitors.
These numerous Buddha statues are a testament to the faith of many people, having been donated over a long history.
Founder’s Hall and Yosen-den Hall
The Founder’s Hall houses a statue of the temple’s founder, Zen Master Eikyoku Domyo, and also enshrines the memorial tablets of successive head priests. The Yōsen-den is a building for ancestral worship, and houses the ancestral tablets of the temple’s parishioners.
These buildings also strongly retain the characteristics of the Ōbaku style and are cultural assets of high architectural value.
Annual Events and Activities
Announcements
Hōun-zenji Temple holds various events throughout the year. The main events are as follows:
Spring Special Viewing (Late April to Early May)
A special viewing is held to coincide with the blooming of the azaleas. Areas normally closed to the public are also guided, allowing visitors to enjoy the beautiful scenery of the temple grounds. Admission is free, and anyone can participate.
Mantō-e (August 15th)
The Mantō-e is held every year on August 15th. Approximately 1000 lanterns are lined up on the temple grounds and lit from evening. Ancestor worship takes place amidst a fantastical scene, attracting many visitors. Participation is free.
Sutra Copying Sessions
Regular sutra copying sessions are held, offering an opportunity to calm the mind and connect with Buddhist teachings. Those wishing to participate must inquire in advance.
Goshuin (Temple Seal) Issuance
Houn-zenji Temple offers Goshuin (temple seals). You can also receive a Goshuin as the 6th temple of the Kawachi Saigoku Pilgrimage. Original Goshuin notebooks are also available.
6th Temple of the Kawachi Saigoku Pilgrimage
Houn-zenji Temple is designated as the 6th temple of the Kawachi Saigoku Pilgrimage. The Kawachi Saigoku Pilgrimage is a pilgrimage route of Kannon temples stretching from southern to eastern Osaka Prefecture, consisting of 33 temples.
Many pilgrims visit the temples, continuing their spiritual journey while receiving Goshuin at each temple. Houn-zenji Temple has a deep faith in Kannon Bodhisattva and warmly welcomes pilgrims.
Perpetual Memorial Service and Columbarium
Open to All Religious Affiliations
Houn-zenji Temple accepts perpetual memorial services and columbarium services. Although it is a temple of the Obaku school of Zen Buddhism, anyone can receive memorial services regardless of their religious affiliation.
In modern society, an increasing number of families are facing difficulties in inheriting family graves. Houn-zenji Temple’s perpetual memorial service provides solace to such individuals.
Special Joint Memorial Service / Obon Memorial Service
Special joint memorial services are held throughout the year, and Obon memorial services are also held during the Obon period. These services are conducted with care and respect, following the traditional practices of the Obaku school of Zen Buddhism.
The use of the main hall and guest hall is free of charge, reducing the burden on those holding memorial services.
Visiting Information
Visiting Hours and Admission Fee
- Visiting Hours: Normally 10:00 AM – 4:00 PM (may vary depending on events)
- Admission Fee: Free
- Parking: Free parking available
The fact that admission is free reflects the temple’s desire to encourage many people to visit without hesitation.
Inquiries
For details regarding visits, event schedules, and applications for sutra copying sessions, please contact Houun Zenji Temple via their official LINE account or by phone. The latest information is also posted on Instagram (@houunjimihara).
Access
Access to Houn-zenji Temple, Mihara-ku, Sakai City
Location: 192 Imai, Mihara-ku, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture
Access by Train:
- Approximately 15 minutes by Kintetsu Bus from Kawachi-Matsubara Station on the Kintetsu Minami-Osaka Line, get off at the Imai bus stop, then approximately 5 minutes on foot.
- Approximately 20 minutes by Kintetsu Bus from Hatsushiba Station on the Nankai Koya Line, get off at the Imai bus stop, then approximately 5 minutes on foot.
Access by Car:
- Approximately 10 minutes from the Miyake Exit of the Hanshin Expressway Route 14 Matsubara Line.
- Approximately 15 minutes from the Fujiidera IC on the Nishi-Meihan Expressway.
- Free parking available.
The temple grounds are vast, and there is ample parking space, making it convenient to visit by car.
Major Hounji Temples Nationwide
Hounji Temple, Fuji City, Shizuoka Prefecture (Rinzai Zen Myoshinji School)
Located in Fuji City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Hounji Temple is a Zen temple belonging to the Rinzai Zen Myoshinji School. Founded in 1353 (Bunwa 2) during the early Muromachi period, it preserves the Zen style of the Kamakura period.
Known as “Fuji’s Spring Water Temple,” pure spring water flows through its grounds. The principal image is Shakyamuni Buddha, and the temple cherishes the teachings of Zen, with Bodhidharma as its founder.
Hounji Temple, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture (Rinzai Zen Myoshinji School)
Hounji Temple in Hamamatsu City was established in 1910 (Meiji 43) through the merger of Shoboan and Kounan. It was named Hounji Temple by taking the characters “Ho” and “Un” from the two hermitages.
As a temple of the Rinzai Zen Myoshinji School, it supports local faith while also responding to modern needs such as perpetual memorial services. ### Hounji Temple (Nichiren Buddhism), Shibuya Ward, Tokyo
Hounji Temple (Koeizan Hounji), located in Hiroo, Shibuya Ward, Tokyo, is a Nichiren Buddhist temple. Affectionately known as “Hiroo’s Sunny Spot, a Temple of Peaceful Hearts,” it offers a tranquil environment for worship despite its central Tokyo location.
Based on the teachings of Nichiren Buddhism, the temple holds religious services and events, serving as a spiritual haven for local residents.
Other Hounji Temples
There are temples named Hounji throughout Japan, including in Setagaya Ward, Tokyo, Kanagawa Prefecture, and Saitama Prefecture. Each temple possesses unique characteristics reflecting the history and culture of its region.
Experiences at Hounji Temple
Sutra Copying Experience
Hounji Zen Temple offers sutra copying experiences. The experience of calming your mind in the quiet main hall and carefully copying each character of the sutra allows you to forget the hustle and bustle of everyday life.
Sutra copying is a Buddhist practice believed to enhance concentration and calm the mind. Beginners receive careful instruction, so you can participate with confidence.
Zen Meditation Sessions
The Obaku school is a branch of Zen Buddhism and places great importance on Zen meditation. Zen meditation sessions are held regularly, so those interested are encouraged to inquire.
Strolling the Temple Grounds
The vast temple grounds display different expressions throughout the seasons. From the azaleas of spring, the fresh greenery of summer, the autumn leaves, to the tranquility of winter, you can enjoy different charms depending on the time of year you visit.
By slowly strolling through the grounds and appreciating the beauty of the Obaku architecture and the expressions of the Buddha statues, you can find inner peace.
Hounji Temple and Local Culture
Value as a Cultural Property
The buildings of Houn Zenji Temple are valuable cultural properties that preserve the Obaku style from the early Edo period. They are protected as a designated tangible cultural property of Sakai City and hold an important position as a subject of research in architectural and art history.
The complete preservation of the Obaku-style temple layout is rare nationwide, making its remarkable state of preservation particularly noteworthy.
Connections to the Community
For over 350 years since its founding, Houn-zenji Temple has functioned as a center of faith for the local community. Events such as the Mantokai (Lantern Festival) have become established annual events in the region, serving as a place for intergenerational exchange.
The temple also hosts cultural classes, contributing to the promotion of local culture.
Kannon Seien (Kannon Sacred Garden)
Houn-zenji Temple has a garden called Kannon Seien, where a statue of Kannon Bodhisattva is enshrined. This garden serves as a place of rest for visitors, allowing them to meditate and pray in a tranquil environment.
Seasonal flowers and plants are planted throughout the garden, soothing the hearts of visitors.
Summary
While Hounji is a name for temples found throughout Japan, Houn Zenji Temple in Mihara Ward, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture, is particularly renowned as a head temple of the Obaku sect, possessing both valuable cultural assets and beautiful natural surroundings.
Founded by Zen Master Ekoku Domyo, it boasts a history of over 350 years and offers many attractions, including Obaku-style architecture, azaleas in spring, a summer lantern festival, and 3,333 Buddha statues. Its free admission and free parking make it easily accessible.
Also known as the 6th temple on the Kawachi Saigoku Pilgrimage, it is beloved by pilgrims, tourists, and local residents alike. It accepts perpetual memorial services and ossuaries regardless of religious affiliation, catering to the needs of modern society.
Other Hounji temples, such as the Rinzai sect Myoshinji Hounji in Shizuoka Prefecture and the Nichiren sect Hounji in Tokyo, each have their own history and characteristics, supporting local faith.
When visiting Hounji Temple, be sure to take your time to stroll through the grounds and appreciate the beauty of the Obaku architecture, the solemnity of the Buddha statues, and the changing seasons. The time spent quietly offering prayers will be a special experience, a welcome escape from everyday life.
For inquiries and the latest information, please check the official website or social media of each temple.
