Chikurinji Temple (Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto Prefecture) Complete Guide | History and Access Information for the Temple with the Red Gate
Located in Yukie-cho, Shimotachiuri-dori, Gozen-nishi-iru, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Chikurinji Temple is a Jodo-shu Seizan Zenrinji sect temple affectionately known locally as “Chikurinji Temple with the Red Gate.” It is also known for housing the graves of 37 samurai, including the late Edo period activist Hirano Kuniomi, and has been selected as one of the “100 Historic Sites of Kamigyo Ward,” making it an indispensable historical site for understanding Kyoto’s history.
This article comprehensively introduces information you should know before visiting Chikurinji Temple, from its historical background to visiting information and access methods.
Basic Information about Chikurinji Temple
Temple Overview
- Official Name: Godaisan Chikurinji Temple
- Sect: Jodo-shu Seizan Zenrinji School
- Principal Image: Amida Buddha
- Founder: Dokyo
- Established: Koan 2 (1278)
- Alternate Name: Akamon no Chikurinji Temple
- Address: 455 Yukie-cho, Shimotachiuri-dori Gozen-dori Nishi-iri, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture 602-8366
- Phone Number: 075-811-2589
- Chief Priest: Ozawa Akimi
Visiting Hours and Admission Fee
- Visiting Hours: 7:30 AM – 5:30 PM
- Admission Fee: Free
- Closed Days: Open all year round
Chikurinji Temple is open to the public and can be freely visited. Located in a quiet residential area, please be considerate of the neighbors when visiting.
History and Origins of Chikurinji Temple
Founded in the Kamakura Period
Chikurinji Temple is said to have been founded in 1278 (Kōan 2), during the late Kamakura period, by Dōkyō. Kōan 2 was a turbulent time, a few years after the Bun’ei War (Mongol invasion) and just before the Kōan War.
The temple’s mountain name, “Gotai-san,” is thought to originate from Mount Wutai, a sacred Buddhist site in Shanxi Province, China. As a temple belonging to the Jōdo-shū Seizan Zenrinji sect, it enshrines Amida Buddha as its principal image and has attracted the faith of local people as a center of Nembutsu (recitation of Amida Buddha’s name).
A Historical Gap Since the Middle Ages
Interestingly, there are very few records remaining regarding the detailed history and origins of Chikurinji Temple since its founding, and its history remains shrouded in mystery. Even official documents from the Kamigyo Ward Office of Kyoto City state, “We have absolutely no idea about its subsequent history,” suggesting that records were lost due to wars such as the Ōnin War (1467-1477).
Like many temples in Kyoto that lost their records due to war and disasters, it is believed that Chikurinji Temple also experienced several difficulties throughout its long history. Nevertheless, its continued existence as a temple speaks to its deep connection with the local community.
The Origin of “Chikurinji Temple of the Red Gate”
Chikurinji Temple is affectionately known locally as “Chikurinji Temple of the Red Gate.” This name originates from the striking red gate at the entrance to the temple. The vermilion-painted gate is eye-catching even from afar and serves as a landmark for the temple.
Red gates in Buddhist temples are believed to symbolize protection against evil and create a barrier, and are one of the architectural styles that express the solemnity of Jodo sect temples. This red gate has become a symbol of Chikurinji Temple and has been deeply etched in the memories of local residents.
Graves of Hirano Kuniomi and 37 Samurai
Hirano Kuniomi, a Patriot of the Late Edo Period
The greatest reason why Chikurinji Temple holds historical significance is that it contains the graves of 37 patriots, including Hirano Kuniomi (1828-1864), a loyalist and anti-foreigner patriot of the late Edo period.
Hirano Kuniomi was born into the Fukuoka domain and played a central role in the loyalist and anti-foreigner movement. Known as a loyalist patriot, he had connections with Yoshida Shoin and Saigo Takamori, and is famous for leaving behind the waka poem, “Compared to the burning passion in my heart, the smoke of Sakurajima is faint.”
The Tragedy of Genji 1
1864 (Genji 1) was a turbulent year for Kyoto. The Ikedaya Incident occurred in July, followed by the Kinmon Incident (Hamaguri Gate Incident) in August, leading to increased repression by the shogunate against the Sonno Joi (Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarians) movement.
Hirano Kuniomi planned to raise an army in Yamato Province, but his plan was discovered beforehand, and he was captured. He was subsequently imprisoned in the Rokkaku Prison in Kyoto. Amidst the chaos of the Kinmon Incident, the shogunate decided to execute political prisoners. Hirano Kuniomi, along with 37 comrades, was beheaded, and their bodies were buried at Chikurinji Temple.
Significance of the Burial Site
The burial site of the 37 samurai is a valuable historical site that conveys the history of the Sonno Joi movement during the turbulent Bakumatsu period. After the Meiji Restoration, these patriots were honored as “loyalists,” and their burial site has become a place visited by many history enthusiasts and researchers. The tomb stands quietly within the grounds of Chikurinji Temple, evoking in visitors the turbulent times of the late Edo period. Every year on the anniversary of their deaths, a memorial service is held by those involved, ensuring that the spirit of these patriots lives on.
About the Jodo-shu Nishiyama Zenrinji School
Genealogy of the Nishiyama School
The Jodo-shu Nishiyama Zenrinji School, to which Chikurinji Temple belongs, is a branch of the Jodo-shu sect. The Jodo-shu sect, founded by Honen Shonin (1133-1212), preaches the doctrine of exclusive recitation of the Buddha’s name, “Namu Amida Butsu,” with the aim of attaining rebirth in paradise.
The Nishiyama school, founded by Shoku Shonin (Nishiyama Shonin, 1177-1247), one of Honen Shonin’s disciples, developed from its base in Nishiyama (Nishikyo Ward), Kyoto. Later, the Nishiyama school further subdivided into three branches: the Zenrinji school, the Fukakusa school, and the Nishitani school.
Characteristics of the Zenrinji School
The Zenrinji school is a branch of the Jodo sect, with Eikan-do Zenrinji Temple in Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, as its head temple. Eikan-do is a famous spot for autumn leaves, known as “Eikan-do of the Maple Trees,” and its principal image is a standing statue of Amida Buddha (Mikaeri Amida).
While the Zenrinji school is based on the doctrines of the Jodo sect, it continues to maintain its own unique tradition of Nembutsu practice. Chikurinji Temple, as a temple connected to this lineage, has served as a spiritual pillar for the local people, centering on faith in Amida Buddha.
How to Access Chikurinji Temple
Access by Public Transportation
Chikurinji Temple is located in a residential area of Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto City, and can be accessed by public transportation.
By City Bus
Nearest Bus Stop: Nishinokyo Enmachi
- Approximately 5 minutes on foot from the bus stop
- City bus routes 206 and 26 are available from Kyoto Station
- City bus route 26 is convenient from Shijo Karasuma
By JR/Subway
Nearest Station: JR Sagano Line “Enmachi Station”
- Approximately 10-15 minutes on foot from the station
- Approximately 10 minutes from Kyoto Station on the JR Sagano Line
Nearest Station: Keifuku Electric Railway Kitano Line “Kitano Hakubaicho Station”
- Approximately 15 minutes on foot from the station
- Convenient access from the Arashiyama area
Access by Car
Chikurinji Temple does not have its own parking lot. Coin parking is limited in the surrounding area, so we recommend using public transportation.
If you absolutely must visit by car, it is best to use coin parking near Enmachi Station or Kitano Hakubaicho Station and access the temple on foot.
Combining with Nearby Historical Sites
Around Chikurinji Temple, there are many temples and shrines that tell the history of Kamigyo Ward.
Kitano Tenmangu Shrine: Approximately 20 minutes on foot from Chikurinji Temple
- The head shrine of all Tenmangu shrines nationwide, dedicated to Sugawara no Michizane, the god of learning
- Bustling with activity on the 25th of every month for its festival, “Tenjin-san”
Hirano Shrine: Approximately 15 minutes on foot from Chikurinji Temple
- An ancient shrine known for its cherry blossoms
- Founded during the Heian period, it is one of Kyoto’s representative shrines
Senbon Shakado (Daihoonji Temple): Approximately 10 minutes on foot from Chikurinji Temple
- The main hall, which survived the Onin War, is designated as a National Treasure
- Known for the Okame legend
Visiting these historical sites in combination will allow you to gain a deeper understanding of the history and culture of Kamigyo Ward.
Highlights of Chikurinji Temple
Red Gate (Main Gate)
The vermilion-painted main gate, a symbol of Chikurinji Temple, is an important building that determines the first impression of the temple. Its simple yet dignified appearance conveys the formality of a Jodo sect temple.
It is customary to bow when passing through the gate to show respect to the Buddhist temple. The red gate is also a popular spot for photography.
Main Hall and Amida Buddha
The main hall houses the principal image, Amida Buddha. Amida Buddha is the principal deity of the Western Pure Land and is said to guide those who chant “Namu Amida Butsu” to the Pure Land.
In the solemn atmosphere characteristic of a Jodo sect temple, quietly offer your prayers.
Graves of the 37 Samurai
At the back of the temple grounds are the gravestones of 37 samurai, including Hirano Kuniomi. The cemetery is meticulously maintained, offering a valuable space to reflect on the history of the late Edo period.
At the graves, quietly clasp your hands together in prayer and remember the regrets and aspirations of the patriots. For history buffs, this is an important spot to experience the history of the late Edo period.
Atmosphere of the Temple Grounds
The grounds of Chikurinji Temple are a quiet space away from the hustle and bustle of the city. Although its name includes “bamboo grove,” there is no bamboo grove there now; it gives the impression of a peaceful temple in a residential area.
While not large in scale, the well-maintained grounds convey the feeling that it is a temple cherished by the local people.
Points to Note and Manners When Visiting
Basic Manners for Visiting
- Bow at the Temple Gate: Bow before entering the temple grounds to show respect to the Buddha.
- Be Quiet: As it is located in a residential area, refrain from loud conversations.
- Photography: Please refrain from taking photographs inside the main hall or in the cemetery. Permission may be required in some cases.
- Offerings: Place your offering in the offering box in front of the main hall before praying.
- Take your trash home: To keep the temple grounds clean, please be sure to take your trash home with you.
Regarding attire
There are no specific dress code requirements, but please dress appropriately and respectfully for a temple visit. It is best to avoid revealing or overly flashy clothing.
Best time to visit
Chikurinji Temple is open year-round, but the following times are especially recommended.
- Spring (March-May): Pleasant weather, ideal for strolling
- Autumn (September-November): Autumn foliage season, easy to visit while sightseeing in Kyoto
- Weekday mornings: A quiet time for worship
Value as one of Kamigyo Ward’s 100 Historic Sites
What are the 100 Historic Sites?
Kamigyo Ward in Kyoto City is a region with a history of over 1000 years as the center of Heian-kyo (ancient Kyoto). The “100 Historic Sites of Kamigyo Ward” is an initiative to select and pass on valuable historical heritage remaining in this region to future generations.
Chikurinji Temple has been selected as one of these 100 historical sites, as an important historical site that conveys the history of the late Edo period.
Role in the Community
Chikurinji Temple is not merely a tourist temple; it plays an important role as a place of worship for local residents and as a place for historical education.
It is sometimes chosen as a destination for local elementary and junior high school students’ local history studies, making it a temple with high educational value in passing on Kyoto’s history to the next generation.
Chikurinji Temple and the Surrounding Jodo Sect Temple Network
Jodo Sect Temples in Kamigyo Ward
Besides Chikurinji Temple, many other Jodo Sect temples are scattered throughout Kamigyo Ward. These temples have supported the local Jodo Sect faith while maintaining relationships with one another.
Gojoin: A temple affectionately known as Kiyoshikojin
Hanshuin: An ancient temple located along Senbon Street
Kannonji: The center of Kannon worship in the region
Uhoin: Known as a famous cherry blossom viewing spot
Visiting these temples allows you to experience the spread of Jodo Sect faith in Kamigyo Ward.
Visiting Temples of the Jodo Sect Seizan Zenrinji School
Visiting temples of the same Jodo Sect Seizan Zenrinji School as Chikurinji Temple is also an interesting experience. There are many temples of this school in Kyoto City, including the head temple, Eikan-do Zenrinji.
By visiting each temple and collecting Goshuin (temple stamps), you can gain a deeper understanding of the teachings and history of the Jodo-shu Seizan Zenrinji sect.
Significance of Visiting Chikurinji Temple
Experiencing History
Visiting Chikurinji Temple allows you to experience the history of Kyoto, from its founding in the Kamakura period to the turmoil of the late Edo period and up to the present day. Standing before the graves of the 37 samurai, we can reflect on the ideals that these patriots of the late Edo period risked their lives to protect.
Prayer in Silence
Unlike Kyoto’s famous temples, which are bustling with tourists, Chikurinji Temple is a quiet space for prayer. You can escape the hustle and bustle, confront yourself, and have time to calm your mind.
Learning Local History
Learning the history of the Kamigyo Ward area deepens your understanding of Kyoto as a whole. Through a visit to Chikurinji Temple, you can experience the “true face of Kyoto” that you won’t find in tourist guidebooks.
Summary
Chikurinji Temple in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, is a Jodo-shu (Pure Land) temple of the Seizan Zenrinji sect, known for its symbolic red gate and the graves of 37 samurai including Hirano Kuniomi. While its detailed history after its founding in 1278 is unclear, it has continued to exist as a center of local faith.
The graves of the patriots who perished during the turbulent Bakumatsu period are an indispensable historical site for understanding Kyoto’s history and have been selected as one of the “100 Historic Sites of Kamigyo Ward.” Chikurinji Temple, which is free to visit and open year-round, is recommended not only for history buffs but also for those seeking a quiet time of prayer.
With easy access within walking distance of JR Enmachi Station and the Nishinokyo Enmachi bus stop, visiting Chikurinji Temple in conjunction with other nearby historical sites such as Kitano Tenmangu Shrine and Hirano Shrine will allow for a deeper understanding of Kamigyo Ward’s history and culture.
When visiting Kyoto, why not visit not only famous tourist spots but also locally rooted temples like Chikurinji Temple? There, you’ll find the true face of Kyoto that you won’t find in guidebooks.
