Oki Kokubunji Temple (Shimane Prefecture) Complete Guide | History, Rengekai Dance, Access, and Nearby Tourist Spots
Located in Ikeda, Okinoshima-cho, Oki-gun, Shimane Prefecture, Oki Kokubunji Temple is one of the Kokubunji temples established throughout Japan by order of Emperor Shomu during the Nara period. As the successor temple to the Oki Kokubun-ji Temple, it is an ancient temple of the Toji Shingon sect boasting a history of over 1200 years and is designated a national historic site as the site of Emperor Go-Daigo’s temporary residence. This article comprehensively introduces information you should know before visiting Oki Kokubunji Temple, including its history, highlights, the Rengekai Dance (an important intangible folk cultural property), access methods, and nearby tourist spots.
History and Origin of Oki Kokubunji Temple
Established by Order of Emperor Shomu
The founding of Oki Kokubunji Temple dates back to the 13th year of the Tenpyo era (741 AD). Emperor Shomu, hoping for national peace and the well-being of the people through the power of Buddhism, issued an imperial decree ordering the construction of provincial temples (Kokubun-ji) and nunneries (Kokubun-niji) in all 68 provinces of Japan. In Oki Province, a Kokubun-ji temple was built in accordance with this imperial decree, and it developed into a center of Buddhist culture in Oki.
At the time of its founding, the Oki Kokubun-ji was a magnificent temple complex with seven main buildings, believed to have been located throughout the foothills. Archaeological excavations are gradually revealing the layout and scale of the temple complex in its heyday, making it a valuable historical site demonstrating the importance of ancient Buddhist culture in Oki.
Emperor Go-Daigo and the Oki Kokubun-ji
A noteworthy aspect of the history of the Oki Kokubun-ji is its deep connection with Emperor Go-Daigo. After his defeat in the Genko War (1331), Emperor Go-Daigo was exiled to Oki Island by the Kamakura Shogunate. From 1332 to 1333, Emperor Go-Daigo stayed at Oki Kokubunji Temple, using it as his temporary residence.
Due to this historical fact, in 1934, the temple grounds were designated a national historic site as the “Site of Emperor Go-Daigo’s Temporary Residence.” Even during his stay in Oki, Emperor Go-Daigo did not abandon his ambition to overthrow the shogunate, and eventually escaped the island to realize the Kenmu Restoration. Oki Kokubunji Temple was a crucial stage at a turning point in Japanese history.
History of Fire and Reconstruction
Throughout its long history, Oki Kokubunji Temple has faced numerous trials. The most significant event was a fire that occurred in February 2007. This fire resulted in the tragic loss of the main hall, which had been built in the late Edo period.
However, thanks to the cooperation of local residents, temple parishioners, and supporters nationwide, the main hall was rebuilt in October 2015. The current main hall, while retaining traditional architectural styles, is equipped with modern fire-prevention features, restoring its dignity as the foremost temple in Oki. The rebuilt main hall welcomes visitors as a symbol of the continued preservation of the faith and culture of the local people.
Highlights of Oki Kokubunji Temple
Main Hall and Principal Image
The main hall of Zenbizan Oki Kokubunji Temple houses a statue of Shakyamuni Buddha as its principal image. Rebuilt in 2015, the main hall is a building that combines the warmth and solemnity of wooden architecture, allowing visitors to find peace of mind in a tranquil space.
Inside the main hall, you can view Buddhist statues, including a statue of Shakyamuni Buddha, and other temple treasures (Visiting hours: 8:30 AM to 5:30 PM, until 6:00 PM from June to September. Closed from December to February). Although it is a new building, it is a space where you can feel the history of faith that has continued for over 1200 years.
Temple Gate and Grounds
Passing through the main gate of Oki Kokubunji Temple, you will find yourself in a well-maintained temple ground. The grounds are designated as a national historical site and are protected as a historical space where Emperor Go-Daigo spent time.
Besides the main hall, the grounds contain buildings such as a bell tower and a priest’s quarters, allowing you to experience the atmosphere of a traditional temple. It is also a place where you can enjoy the beauty of nature in each season, with cherry blossoms in spring, fresh greenery in early summer, and autumn leaves in fall.
Value as a Historic Site
Archaeological excavations have confirmed the remains of an ancient Kokubunji temple within the temple grounds. These research findings provide valuable information for understanding Buddhist culture and architectural techniques in Oki from the Nara period to the Heian period.
For history enthusiasts, this is a very interesting spot as it is a place where Emperor Go-Daigo actually lived and where one can learn about the realities of the ancient provincial temple system.
Renge-e Mai (Lotus Flower Dance) – Nationally Designated Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property
What is Renge-e Mai?
One of the biggest highlights of Oki Kokubunji Temple is the “Renge-e Mai,” which is performed annually on April 21st. Renge-e Mai is a traditional dance-based performing art that has been passed down at Oki Kokubunji Temple for centuries and is designated as a Nationally Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property.
Bugaku (court dance) is a type of performing art that was performed in a splendid and solemn manner in ancient courts and large temples. Renge-e Mai retains many elements of this Bugaku, making it a valuable intangible cultural property that conveys the performing arts culture from the Nara period to the Heian period. ### Characteristics and Repertoire of Rengekai-mai
Rengekai-mai is a dance performed during the Rengekai ceremony, a Buddhist service celebrating the birth of Buddha. The costumes, masks, and instruments maintain traditional styles, and the elegant dance is performed to the accompaniment of Gagaku (Japanese court music).
The repertoire strongly reflects the forms of ancient court music and dance, making it a living historical document demonstrating how culture introduced from China and the Korean Peninsula was received and preserved on the remote island of Oki. This traditional performing art, passed down through generations by the local people, is an important part of Oki’s cultural identity.
Viewing Rengekai-mai
Rengekai-mai is performed annually on April 21st at the grounds of Oki Kokubunji Temple. On this day, many tourists and cultural heritage enthusiasts from both within and outside the island visit to appreciate this ancient traditional performing art.
The Rengekai-mai dance, a fusion of the graceful movements of Gagaku (court music) and the melodies of Gagaku, possesses a mysterious charm that transports viewers to the world of ancient times. When visiting Oki Island, we highly recommend timing your visit to coincide with this time to experience this precious cultural treasure firsthand.
Basic Information and Access to Oki Kokubunji Temple
Basic Information
Temple Name: Zenbizan Oki Kokubunji Temple
Sect: Toji Shingon Sect
Principal Image: Shakyamuni Buddha
Location: Ikeda-Furo-mae, Okinoshima-cho, Oki-gun, Shimane Prefecture
Visiting Hours: 8:30 AM – 5:30 PM (until 6:00 PM from June to September)
Closed Period: December to February
Admission Fee: Free entry to the grounds (please check for entry to the main hall)
Parking: Available
Inquiries: Okinoshima-cho Board of Education (TEL: 08512-2-2126)
Access Method
Access from Saigo Port
Oki Kokubunji Temple is approximately 15 minutes by car or 15 minutes by bus from Saigo Port, the gateway to Okinoshima-cho.
By Car: Approximately 10-15 minutes from Saigo Port via the prefectural road. Searching for “Oki Kokubunji” or “Ikeda, Okinoshima-cho, Oki-gun, Shimane Prefecture” on your car navigation system or smartphone map app will guide you.
By Bus: Take a bus bound for Oki Kokubunji from Saigo Port, get off at the nearest bus stop, and walk for a few minutes. However, since bus service is limited, it is recommended to check the timetable in advance.
Rent a Car: There are rental car companies around Saigo Port, and renting a car is convenient for sightseeing on the island. You can efficiently visit not only Oki Kokubunji but also surrounding tourist spots.
How to Get to Oki Island
To get to Oki Island (Dogo), take a ferry or high-speed boat from Shichirui Port or Sakaiminato Port on the Shimane mainland.
From Shichirui Port:
- Ferry: Approximately 2 hours 30 minutes
- High-speed boat: Approximately 1 hour
From Sakaiminato Port:
- Ferry: Approximately 3 hours
- High-speed boat: Approximately 1 hour 20 minutes
Flights to Oki Airport (Oki Global Geopark Airport) are also available, accessible from Osaka Itami Airport and Izumo Airport.
Oki Kokubun-niji Temple Ruins
Located approximately 400 meters from Oki Kokubun-ji Temple are the ruins of the Oki Kokubun-niji Temple. Like Kokubun-ji Temples, Kokubun-niji temples were established throughout Japan by imperial decree of Emperor Shomu in 741 AD.
The area surrounding the Oki Kokubun-niji Temple ruins is called “Amaderahara” and is situated on a hill approximately 40 meters above sea level overlooking the Yao Plain. While only remains of the ruins exist today, archaeological excavations are revealing the layout of the temple complex and the scale of the buildings.
When visiting Oki Kokubunji Temple, we recommend extending your visit to the ruins of the Kokubun-niji (nunnery) to gain a comprehensive understanding of the ancient Kokubunji system. Visiting both temple sites together will allow you to truly appreciate the spread of Buddhist culture in Oki during the Nara period.
Recommended Tourist Spots Around Oki Kokubunji Temple
Oki Momo Dome (Bullfighting Venue)
Located right next to Oki Kokubunji Temple is the Oki Momo Dome, where the traditional Oki event, “bullfighting,” takes place. Bullfighting is a traditional Oki cultural practice that has been passed down for approximately 800 years, a magnificent event where two bulls lock horns and test their strength.
The main tournament is held three times a year (May, August, and October), but “tourist bullfighting” is also held when there are group reservations. Visiting Oki Kokubunji Temple offers a valuable opportunity to learn about bullfighting, a unique Oki cultural practice.
Around Saigo Port
Around Saigo Port, the central hub of Okinoshima Town, you’ll find a concentration of restaurants and souvenir shops where you can enjoy fresh Oki seafood and purchase local specialties. Saigo Port is a convenient base for Oki sightseeing, making it easy to visit before or after visiting Oki Kokubunji Temple.
Tamawakasu-no-Mikoto Shrine
Tamawakasu-no-Mikoto Shrine, the Ichinomiya (first-ranked shrine) of Oki Province, is a representative ancient shrine of Oki. Its main hall, built in a unique architectural style known as Oki-zukuri, is designated a National Important Cultural Property. Every year on June 5th, the Goree-Furyu, a nationally designated Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property, is performed as an offering.
Dangyo Falls
One of Oki’s representative scenic spots, this beautiful waterfall consists of a male and female waterfall, both approximately 50 meters high. It’s possible to walk behind the waterfall, earning it the nickname “Urami-no-Taki” (Waterfall Seen from Behind). A healing spot surrounded by the sound of water and lush greenery.
Shirashima Coast
One of the highlights of the Oki UNESCO Global Geopark, this coast boasts a beautiful contrast between white tuff cliffs and the blue sea. It’s also popular with geology enthusiasts as a place to observe Oki’s geological features up close.
Candle Island
A representative scenic spot of Oki, this approximately 20-meter-high rock rising from the sea is named because, when the setting sun aligns with it, it resembles a lit candle. Viewing it from a sightseeing boat is recommended; if the conditions are right, you can witness a truly magical sight.
Gourmet Food and Hotels Around Oki Kokubunji Temple
Oki Gourmet Food
Oki Island is blessed with abundant seafood from the Sea of Japan. The following gourmet delights are especially not to be missed:
Turban Shells: Oki’s turban shells are large and firm, and can be enjoyed as sashimi or grilled in their shells. Rock Oysters: Oki’s rock oysters, in season from spring to summer, are characterized by their rich flavor.
White Squid (Kensaki Squid): Its translucent, beautiful flesh and sweetness are exquisite.
Oki Beef: This is Kuroge Wagyu beef raised on Oki Island, boasting tender and high-quality meat.
Seaweed: Oki’s seaweed, such as wakame and mozuku, is flavorful and highly nutritious.
These delicacies can be enjoyed at restaurants and guesthouses around Saigo Port.
Ryokan Matsuhama
Okinoshima Town has accommodations including “Ryokan Matsuhama.” Ryokan Matsuhama is a guesthouse proud of its cuisine using fresh Oki seafood and its warm, homey hospitality.
Around Oki Kokubunji Temple, there are various types of accommodations, including guesthouses, hotels, and inns, allowing you to choose according to your budget and travel style. Early reservations are recommended when planning your stay on Okinoshima.
Best Season and Points to Note When Visiting Oki Kokubunji Temple
Best Season
The best season to visit Oki Kokubunji Temple varies depending on your purpose.
April 21st: If you wish to see the Rengekai Dance, a visit on this day is essential. This is a valuable opportunity to directly experience a nationally designated Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property.
Spring (April-May): Cherry blossoms and fresh greenery are beautiful, and the weather is mild, making it ideal for sightseeing.
Summer (June-September): Visiting hours are extended until 6 PM, allowing for a leisurely visit. However, it is also typhoon season, so caution is needed regarding the weather.
Autumn (October-November): The autumn leaves are beautiful, and the weather is pleasant. It is also a season for delicious seafood.
Winter (December-February): The temple is closed for viewing, so it is best to avoid visiting during this period.
Important Points for Visitors
Check Visiting Hours: The temple is closed from December to February, so be sure to check before visiting.
Attire: When visiting a temple, please wear modest clothing that does not expose too much skin.
Photography: Photography is generally permitted on the temple grounds, but there are areas where photography is restricted, such as inside the main hall. Please check in advance or follow the instructions at the site.
Weather Preparedness: Oki has a maritime climate, and the weather is unpredictable. It’s a good idea to bring rain gear and warm clothing.
Transportation Check: Public transportation is limited, so if you plan to use the bus, check the timetable in advance and plan accordingly.
To Learn More About the History and Culture of Oki Islands
Geography and History of Oki Islands
The Oki Islands are a group of islands located in the Sea of Japan, approximately 40-80 kilometers north of the Shimane Peninsula. They consist of the islands of Dōzen (Nishinoshima, Nakanoshima, and Chiburijima) and Dōgo (Okinoshima). Okinoshima Town, where Oki Kokubunji Temple is located, is the central town of Dōgo.
From ancient times to the Middle Ages, Oki was also known as a place of exile. Emperor Go-Daigo and Emperor Go-Toba were among those exiled to Oki, making it a place where central politics and culture were transmitted. Therefore, despite being remote islands, it has maintained a high level of culture, and many cultural assets remain.
Oki UNESCO Global Geopark
The Oki Islands were designated a UNESCO Global Geopark in 2013. This designation recognizes not only the geological value of Oki, but also the unique ecosystem and culture nurtured by its geology.
When visiting Oki Kokubunji Temple, experiencing the charm of Oki as a geopark will allow you to gain a deeper understanding and appreciation.
Traditional Culture of Oki
Besides the Rengekai dance and bullfighting, Oki has many other traditional cultural traditions.
Goryo-e Furyu: A Shinto ritual performance held at Tamawakasu-no-Mikoto Shrine, designated as a National Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property.
Oki Folk Songs: Folk songs such as “Dossari-bushi” are passed down, singing about the island’s life and history.
Traditional Crafts: Crafts utilizing natural materials, such as Oki bamboo crafts and straw sandal making, are produced.
By experiencing these cultures, you can gain a deeper understanding of the lives and spirituality of the people of Oki.
Oki Kokubunji Temple and the Kokubunji Culture of Shimane Prefecture
Besides Oki Kokubunji Temple, Shimane Prefecture has other ancient Kokubunji temple ruins, such as the Izumo Kokubunji Temple ruins (Matsue City) and the Iwami Kokubunji Temple ruins (Hamada City). Visiting these Kokubunji temple ruins allows us to understand how Buddhist culture spread to the provinces during the Nara period.
Oki Kokubunji Temple, despite its unique location on an isolated island, is a valuable example demonstrating the nationwide scale of the Kokubunji system. Furthermore, its role as a temporary residence for Emperor Go-Daigo gives it a significant place in medieval history.
For those interested in the history and culture of the Chugoku region, Oki Kokubunji Temple is a must-see.
Summary: The Value of Visiting Oki Kokubunji Temple
Oki Kokubunji Temple is an ancient temple with a history of over 1200 years, and has continued to attract the faith of local people from the time of Emperor Shomu’s Buddhist policies, Emperor Go-Daigo’s exile, and up to the present day. Oki Kokubunji Temple boasts a multifaceted appeal, encompassing its grounds designated as a national historical site, the Rengekai Dance (a nationally designated important intangible folk cultural property), and its modern-day story of reconstruction after a fire. Nearby, numerous spots offering experiences of Oki’s history and culture are scattered, including the ruins of Oki Kokubun-niji Temple and the Oki Momo Dome.
Due to its remote island location, visiting requires time and planning, but it is well worth the effort. Along with Oki’s abundant nature, delicious seafood, and warm hospitality, a visit to Oki Kokubunji Temple will allow you to truly appreciate the depth of Japanese history and culture.
If you are visiting Shimane Prefecture, or if you have an interest in ancient Japanese history or Buddhist culture, be sure to extend your trip to the Oki Islands and visit Oki Kokubunji Temple. It will surely be an unforgettable travel memory.
