Complete Guide to Sankakuji Temple | A Thorough Explanation of the History, Access, and Highlights of the 65th Temple of the Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage
Sankakuji Temple is an ancient temple of the Koyasan Shingon sect located in Kaneda-cho, Shikokuchuo City, Ehime Prefecture. As the 65th temple of the Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage, it holds a significant position as the last temple in Ehime Prefecture, attracting many pilgrims. The tranquil temple grounds, nestled on the slopes of Mt. Hiraishi at an altitude of approximately 360 meters, boast a history of over a thousand years, said to have been founded by the imperial decree of Emperor Shomu.
This article comprehensively introduces everything you need to know before visiting Sankakuji Temple, from its origins and history to its highlights, detailed access information, and surrounding tourist attractions.
Basic Information about Sankakuji Temple
Official Name
- Mountain Name: Yureizan
- Temple Name: Jisonin
- Temple Name: Sankakuji
Sect and Principal Image
- Sect: Koyasan Shingon Buddhism
- Principal Image: Eleven-faced Kannon Bodhisattva
- Founder: Gyoki Bodhisattva
Location and Contact Information
- Address: 75 Sankakuji, Kaneda-cho, Shikokuchuo City, Ehime Prefecture
- Phone: 0896-56-3065
- Sutra Copying Hours: 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM
- Parking: Free (approximately 20 regular cars)
History and Origin of Sankakuji Temple
Founded by Imperial Order of Emperor Shomu
The founding of Sankakuji Temple dates back to the Tenpyo era (729-749). According to legend, the temple was founded by Gyōki Bodhisattva at the request of Emperor Shōmu, with the aim of creating a model of Maitreya’s Pure Land. Gyōki was a prominent Buddhist monk of the Nara period, known for establishing temples and social projects throughout Japan.
The reign of Emperor Shōmu was a period of great Buddhist flourishing, exemplified by the construction of the Great Buddha of Tōdai-ji Temple. It is believed that Sankaku-ji Temple was founded as part of the Buddhist policies of this era, serving as a base for national protection and the relief of the people.
Kōbō Daishi and the Triangular Goma Altar
A legend remains that in 815 (Kōnin 6), Kōbō Daishi (Kūkai) visited this temple and performed a 21-day Goma ritual on a triangular Goma altar. This “triangular Goma altar” is said to be the origin of the temple’s name.
Goma is an important ritual in Esoteric Buddhism, a ceremony in which fire is lit to burn away worldly desires and fulfill wishes. It is believed that Kobo Daishi’s use of a triangular goma altar held special significance in esoteric Buddhism and is considered the source of this temple’s miraculous powers.
Emperor Saga’s Deep Faith
Emperor Saga (reigned 809-823) also held deep faith in Sankaku-ji Temple and is said to have donated 300 chobu (approximately 300 hectares) as temple land. During this period, Sankaku-ji Temple flourished as a large temple complex with seven main halls and became a center of faith in the region.
Destruction and Reconstruction Due to War
From the Muromachi period to the Sengoku period, Sankaku-ji Temple could not escape the effects of war. In particular, records show that many of its buildings were destroyed by fire during the Tensho era (1573-1592). However, it was subsequently rebuilt with the support of local faith and has reached its current form.
Faith in the Principal Image, Eleven-Faced Kannon Bodhisattva
The Eleven-Faced Kannon Bodhisattva, the principal image of Sankaku-ji Temple, is a precious Buddhist statue designated as a cultural property of Ehime Prefecture. The Eleven-Faced Kannon, with eleven faces on its head, is worshipped as a compassionate bodhisattva who looks in all directions to save all sentient beings.
Faith as a Kannon for Safe Childbirth and Protection from Evil
The principal image of Sankaku-ji Temple is widely worshipped, especially as a Kannon for Safe Childbirth and a Kannon for Protection from Evil. Worshippers from all over Japan visit to pray for safe childbirth, successful child-rearing, and protection from evil, and many miraculous stories have been passed down.
Within the temple grounds, numerous offerings and votive tablets that tell the story of this faith can be seen, allowing visitors to feel the history of people’s prayers spanning over a thousand years.
Highlights of the Temple Grounds
Main Hall
The main hall is built on the mountainside of Mt. Hiraishi, at an altitude of approximately 360 meters. From the temple grounds, you can see the cityscape of Shikokuchuo City and the Seto Inland Sea. The main hall, nestled in a quiet mountain valley, offers visitors a deep sense of peace.
Inside the main hall is the principal image, the Eleven-Faced Kannon Bodhisattva, where worshippers can quietly offer their prayers. The solemn atmosphere inside the hall evokes a history of faith spanning over a thousand years.
Daishi Hall
The Daishi Hall, dedicated to Kobo Daishi, is built adjacent to the main hall. For pilgrims, visiting the Daishi Hall is just as important as visiting the main hall. Here, they offer their sutras, confirming the spirit of “traveling together with Kobo Daishi.”
Triangular Pond and Benzaiten
Within the temple grounds is a triangular pond with a small island in the center. This island has a small shrine dedicated to Benzaiten (a goddess of fortune), making it an important spot related to the origin of the temple’s name. The pond, with a circumference of several tens of meters, reflects the beauty of nature throughout the seasons.
Bell Tower and Bell
A temple bell hangs in the bell tower on the temple grounds, and visitors can strike it once (please note the time of day). The sound of the bell echoing through the mountains is believed to purify the mind and dispel worldly desires.
View from the Temple Grounds
Taking advantage of its location at an altitude of approximately 360 meters, the temple grounds offer magnificent views. Especially on clear days, you can see the city of Shikokuchuo, the Seto Inland Sea, and even the distant Ishizuchi mountain range, making it well worth a visit.
Detailed Access Information
Access by Car
Using the Matsuyama Expressway
- Approximately 30 minutes (approx. 15 km) from Mishima-Kawanoe IC
- Take National Route 11 to Prefectural Route 6
- The road is uphill and has many curves, so caution is required
- Parking: Free (approx. 20 regular cars, several large buses)
From Kochi
- Take National Route 192 to Prefectural Route 6
- Follow the signs for Sankakuji-guchi
Points to Note
- The mountain road has narrow sections, so be careful of oncoming traffic
- Studless tires are recommended in winter due to the possibility of icy roads
- Entering “Sankakuji” into your car navigation system will provide accurate directions
Access by Public Transportation
Using JR
- Approximately 25 minutes by Setouchi Bus from JR Iyo-Mishima Station
- Get off at the “Sankakuji-guchi” bus stop, then walk for about 30 minutes (about 2km, uphill).
- Since there are few buses, it is essential to check the timetable in advance.
If using a taxi:
- About 35 minutes by taxi from JR Kawanoe Station (about 6,000 yen)
- About 30 minutes by taxi from JR Iyo-Mishima Station (about 5,000 yen)
- To arrange a taxi for the descent, it is best to ask the driver when you are going up.
Distance to the next temple on the pilgrimage
- From Temple No. 64, Maegami-ji: About 45km (about 11 hours on foot, about 1 hour 30 minutes by car)
- To Temple No. 66, Unpen-ji: About 20km (about 5 hours on foot, about 40 minutes by car)
From Sankaku-ji, the last temple in Ehime Prefecture, to the next temple, Unpen-ji, you enter Kagawa Prefecture. This section is one of the difficult parts known as “Henro Korogashi” (pilgrim’s tumble), and requires physical strength due to the large difference in elevation. ## Points and Manners for Visiting the Temple
Flow of Visiting the Temple
- Bow at the Temple Gate: Before entering the temple grounds, bow at the temple gate to compose yourself.
- Purify at the Water Basin: Purify your hands and mouth.
- Visit the Main Hall: Offer candles and incense, deposit your votive slip, make a monetary offering, and bow with clasped hands.
- Visit the Daishi Hall: Visit the hall using the same etiquette as the main hall.
- Receive a Stamp at the Sutra Office: Receive a stamp in your sutra book or hanging scroll (stamping fee: 300 yen).
Clothing and Items to Bring
- While pilgrimage attire such as a white robe, straw hat, and walking stick is formal, everyday clothes are acceptable.
- If walking on mountain paths, comfortable shoes and clothing are recommended.
- Don’t forget to take appropriate precautions against the cold or heat depending on the season.
Photography
- Taking photos of the temple grounds is generally permitted.
- Photography inside the main hall and of Buddha statues is often prohibited, so please check beforehand.
- Please be considerate of other visitors.
Tourist Spots Around Sankakuji Temple
Tourist Attractions in Shikokuchuo City
Suiha Plateau
- Approximately 30 minutes by car from Sankakuji Temple
- A plateau at an altitude of 892 meters, where rapeseed flowers bloom in spring and cosmos flowers bloom from summer to autumn.
- An observation spot where you can enjoy a spectacular view of the Seto Inland Sea.
Gujo Observation Deck
- A representative night view spot in Shikokuchuo City.
- A beautiful view often called “Shikoku’s best night view.”
- A fantastical landscape woven from factory nightscapes and city lights.
Kiri no Mori (Shingu Tea Village)
- Approximately 40 minutes by car from Sankakuji Temple
- A roadside station popular for its sweets made with Shingu tea.
- “Kiri no Mori Daifuku” is a nationally famous confection.
Preceding and Following Temples
Temple No. 64, Maegami-ji
- A sacred site located at the foot of Mt. Ishizuchi
- A center of Ishizuchi worship that has flourished since ancient times
Temple No. 66, Unpenji
- The highest temple on the Shikoku Pilgrimage (elevation 911 meters)
- Accessible by ropeway
- The view from the temple grounds is breathtaking
Gourmet Information around Sankakuji Temple
Local Specialty Dishes
Shoyu Mame
- A local dish from eastern Ehime Prefecture
- Broad beans simmered in a soy sauce-based sauce
- Available for purchase at roadside stations and souvenir shops
Shingu Tea
- A high-quality tea cultivated in the Shingu area of Shikokuchuo City
- Characterized by its mellow flavor due to being grown in a misty mountainous region
Setouchi Seafood
- Numerous restaurants in the city serve fresh seafood
- Tai-meshi (sea bream rice) and Jakoten (fried fish cake) are particularly popular
Recommended Restaurants
Due to the mountainous location around Sankakuji Temple, restaurants are limited. We recommend having a meal in the town before or after your visit to the shrine. There are a variety of restaurants around JR Iyo-Mishima Station and along National Route 11.
Accommodation near Sankakuji Temple
Pilgrim Accommodations
Guesthouses and Inns
- There are several guesthouses and inns in Shikokuchuo City that welcome pilgrims.
- The average price is around 6,000 to 8,000 yen per night with two meals included.
- Many accommodations are equipped with facilities for pilgrims (washing machines, dryers, etc.).
Business Hotels
Around JR Iyo-Mishima Station
- There are several business hotels near the station, making access convenient.
- The average price is around 4,000 to 7,000 yen per night.
- Many facilities have parking.
Hot Spring Facilities
Hot Springs in Niihama City
- Niihama City, about a 30-minute drive from Sankakuji Temple, has many hot spring facilities.
- Day trips are also possible, making it ideal for relaxing after a pilgrimage.
Annual Events and Festivals
Main Annual Events
New Year’s Visit (January 1st-3rd)
- Bustling with New Year’s visitors
- Many visitors pray for protection from evil and good health throughout the year.
Spring and Autumn Equinox Services
- Memorial services for ancestors are held.
- Many visitors, mainly local parishioners, come to the temple.
Temple Festival (18th of each month)
- A special memorial service is held on this day, dedicated to Kannon (Goddess of Mercy).
Pilgrimage Season
Sankakuji Temple is visited by pilgrims throughout the year, but the number of visitors increases especially in spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November). The weather is mild during these times, making it an ideal season for the pilgrimage.
Cultural Properties of Sankakuji Temple
Ehime Prefecture Designated Cultural Property
Principal Image: Eleven-Faced Kannon Bodhisattva Statue
- Ehime Prefecture Designated Cultural Property
- Estimated to be a work from the Heian to Kamakura period
- Characterized by its elegant form and compassionate expression
Other Important Cultural Properties
The temple grounds contain numerous historically valuable items, such as old stone structures and votive offerings. These are valuable materials that tell the story of Sankakuji Temple’s long history and the deep faith of the local people.
The Position of Sankakuji Temple in the Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage
Sankakuji Temple is the 65th temple of the Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage, and holds the important position of being the last temple in Ehime Prefecture. Since the next temple, the 66th temple, Unpenji Temple, is in Kagawa Prefecture, Sankakuji Temple can also be called the “final temple of the pilgrimage in Iyo Province.”
One of the “Pilgrim’s Difficulties”
The path from Sankakuji Temple to Unpenji Temple is considered one of the “pilgrim’s difficulties” on the Shikoku Pilgrimage. Due to the significant elevation difference and the need to traverse steep mountain paths, it is one of the most challenging sections for walking pilgrims. However, overcoming this difficulty is said to bring a deeper sense of accomplishment and spiritual growth.
Precautions During Your Visit
Driving on Mountain Roads
The road to Sankakuji Temple is a mountain road with many curves and narrow sections. Particular caution is needed for those driving large vehicles or those unfamiliar with driving such roads. When passing oncoming vehicles, yield to each other in a safe location.
Weather and Season
- Spring to Autumn: This is a relatively easy season for visiting, but insect repellent is recommended in summer.
- Winter: Studless tires are recommended due to the possibility of icy roads.
- Rainy Weather: Mountain roads become slippery, so drive carefully.
Health Management
Since the temple is located in the mountains at an altitude of approximately 360 meters, those who are not confident in their physical strength or the elderly should plan their trip carefully. Especially if accessing on foot, be sure to take sufficient breaks and stay hydrated.
Summary: The Significance of Visiting Sankakuji Temple
Sankakuji Temple is a venerable sacred site with a history of over a thousand years and holds an important position in the Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage. It preserves a rich history and culture, including its founding by imperial decree of Emperor Shomu, the Goma ritual of Kobo Daishi, and its principal image, a designated cultural property of Ehime Prefecture.
Nestled in the tranquil mountains at an altitude of approximately 360 meters, the temple grounds offer a perfect escape from the hustle and bustle of everyday life, a place to find peace and offer prayer. It is also deeply revered as a Kannon (Goddess of Mercy) for safe childbirth and protection against misfortune, and has received the prayers of many.
As the final temple in Ehime Prefecture, it is a significant point of reflection for pilgrims, allowing them to look back on their journey so far and renew their resolve for the next leg of the pilgrimage to Kagawa Prefecture. When visiting Shikokuchuo City, be sure to visit Sankakuji Temple and experience its history and peaceful atmosphere.
We hope that your visit to Sankakuji Temple will be a memorable and precious experience for you.
