Complete Guide to Ikōji Temple | Visiting the Sesshū Garden and the History of the Masuda Clan
Ikōji Temple, located in Masuda City, Shimane Prefecture, is a Rinzai sect temple of the Tōfuku-ji school, boasting a famous garden said to have been designed by Sesshū, a master painter of the Muromachi period, who was invited to serve as its head priest. With a long history as the Masuda clan’s family temple, the Sesshū Garden, designated a national historic site and place of scenic beauty, holds a significant place in the history of Japanese gardens.
This article provides a detailed explanation of everything you need to know before visiting Ikōji Temple, from its historical background to the charm of the Sesshū Garden, visiting information, and access methods.
History and Origins of Ikōji Temple
Founding as Sūkanji Temple
The predecessor of Ikōji Temple was Takigurasan Sūkanji Temple, a Tendai sect temple founded in Shōhei 18 (1363). This temple was built during the time of the 7th generation Masuda Kanehiro and played an important role as the Masuda clan’s family temple.
Sōkanji Temple was a temple of the Shozan rank, where the head priest was appointed by a letter from the Ashikaga Shogun, demonstrating its high status during the Muromachi period. Its relationship with the Ashikaga Shogunate is also evidence of the strong ties the Masuda clan had with the central government.
The Relationship Between Sesshū and Ikōji Temple
During the Bunmei era (1469-1487), Sesshū, known as a master of ink painting, moved from Manpukuji Temple to become the 5th head priest of Sōkanji Temple. It is believed that Sesshū was invited through the mediation of the Masuda clan and spent his later years in this area.
While performing his duties as head priest, Sesshū created a famous garden in one of Sōkanji Temple’s sub-temples. This garden is the prototype for the current Ikōji Temple garden. The garden, a fusion of Sesshu’s aesthetic sensibilities as a painter-monk and the spirituality of Zen, can be considered a crystallization of his artistic talent.
Renaming and Reconstruction of Ikōji Temple
During the Sengoku period (Warring States period), Sōkanji Temple declined due to the turmoil of war. In the late Muromachi period, Sōkanji Temple merged with Ikōji Temple, one of its sub-temples, and restarted as the present-day Ikōji Temple.
Founded in 1363 (Jōji 2) by the 11th Lord Masuda Kanemi as a sub-temple of Sōkanji Temple, Ikōji Temple possessed a temple territory of 30 koku. Many of its buildings were destroyed in a great fire in 1729 (Kyōhō 14), but it was subsequently rebuilt and stands to this day.
The principal image is Yakushi Nyorai (Medicine Buddha), and it continues to uphold the Dharma lineage as a temple of the Tōfukuji branch of the Rinzai school of Zen Buddhism.
The Charm of the Nationally Designated Scenic Spot, Ikōji Garden
Characteristics of the Sesshū Garden
Ikōji Garden, designated a National Scenic Spot and Historic Site in 1928, is one of Japan’s representative Zen Buddhist gardens. It was created as a pond-centered, semi-stroll garden and is traditionally attributed to Sesshū.
At the center of the garden is the Crane Pond, within which a Turtle Island is situated. This combination of crane and turtle is a traditional design symbolizing longevity and good fortune. The representation of a dry waterfall using stonework possesses both the strength and delicacy reminiscent of Sesshū’s ink paintings.
The Philosophy of Penglai and Garden Design
Ikōji Garden is believed to represent Mount Penglai in Chinese Taoist philosophy. Mount Penglai is an ideal land said to be located on the eastern sea, inhabited by immortal hermits.
The stone arrangements and plantings in the garden skillfully express the worldview of Mount Penglai, imbued with a wish for longevity. Because Sesshu was both a Zen monk and a painter, the space beautifully blends pictorial composition with Zen spirituality.
Seasonal Scenery
The Ikōji Garden displays different expressions throughout the four seasons.
In spring, the weeping cherry blossoms that adorn the garden bloom profusely, creating a fantastical scene as the pale pink petals are reflected on the pond’s surface. Many visitors come each year to enjoy this beautiful spring scenery.
In early summer, azaleas vividly color the garden. Azaleas of various colors, such as red, purple, and white, bloom in competition, creating a delightful contrast with the fresh green foliage.
In autumn, the autumn leaves dye the entire garden, and the reflection of the leaves in the pond is breathtakingly beautiful. The contrast between the stone arrangements and the autumn leaves evokes the atmosphere of Sesshu’s ink paintings.
The garden, enveloped in the silence of winter, is also exceptional; the snow-covered garden evokes a Zen-like tranquility and profound spirituality.
Reconstruction after the Great Fire of Kyoho
The garden seen today was rebuilt after the Great Fire of Kyoho in 1729. However, the basic structure and stone arrangements of the garden created by Sesshu have been preserved, making it a valuable cultural asset that conveys the garden style of the Muromachi period.
In the reconstruction, Sesshu’s intentions were respected, and the restoration was carried out using the garden design techniques of the time. This historical background is one of the elements that enhances the value of the Ikōji Temple garden.
Cultural Assets and Highlights of Ikōji Temple
Main Gate and Middle Gate
Ikōji Temple retains buildings of high historical value. The main gate and middle gate have a dignified structure that speaks to the status of the temple, and quietly welcome visitors.
Upon passing through the main gate, ancient trees line both sides of the approach to the temple, creating a tranquil atmosphere. Beyond the middle gate, the main hall and garden finally come into view.
Main Hall and Buddhist Statues
The main hall houses precious Buddhist statues, including the principal wooden seated statue of Yakushi Nyorai (Medicine Buddha), as well as wooden seated statues of Shakyamuni Buddha, Kobo Daishi, and Ryumon Shigen.
These statues showcase the characteristics of Buddhist art from their respective eras and are important cultural assets that tell the story of faith history. Yakushi Nyorai, in particular, has attracted the faith of people praying for healing from illness and longevity.
Sixteen Arhats
Sixteen Arhat statues are enshrined within the temple grounds, each displaying a unique and expressive face. Arhats are high-ranking monks who have attained enlightenment, and the sixteen Arhats have been especially revered as disciples of Shakyamuni Buddha.
These Arhat statues have long been cherished by worshippers as a way to make Buddhist teachings more accessible.
Masuda Munekane Statue and Masuda Clan Related Materials
Ikōji Temple also houses valuable materials related to the Masuda clan. Portraits, including the statue of Masuda Munekane, and documents are essential primary sources for studying the history of the Masuda clan in the medieval period.
The Masuda clan, as a powerful local lord in Iwami Province, wielded significant influence from the Muromachi period to the Sengoku period. Ikōji Temple is an important place that conveys the history of the Masuda clan to the present day.
Sesshū’s Landscape Painting
Ikōji Temple also possesses a landscape painting attributed to Sesshū. Due to Sesshū’s time as head priest, the temple retains items associated with him, making it a valuable collection from an art historical perspective.
Sukanji Temple Ruins and Surrounding Historical Sites
Current Status of Sukanji Temple Ruins
The area surrounding Ikōji Temple retains traces of the vast grounds of the former Sukanji Temple. The Sukanji Temple ruins are an archaeologically important site, offering a glimpse into the scale of the grand temple complex of yesteryear.
Excavations have unearthed foundation stones and roof tiles, providing clues to the appearance of temple architecture during the Muromachi period. These remains confirm that Sukanji Temple was a high-ranking temple of the Shozan class.
Historical Landscape of Masuda City
Masuda City, where Ikōji Temple is located, flourished as a cultural center of the Iwami region from the medieval to the early modern period. Masuda, which developed as a castle town of the Masuda clan, retains many historical buildings and sites besides Ikōji Temple.
In particular, Manpukuji Temple, also associated with Sesshū like Ikōji Temple, and the ruins of Nanao Castle, the former residence of the Masuda clan, are historical sites worth visiting along with Ikōji Temple. ## Visiting Information and Access
Visiting Hours and Admission Fees
Ikōji Temple is open to visitors year-round, but visiting hours may vary depending on the season. Generally, visits are possible from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM.
The admission fee is approximately 300 yen for adults, but this may differ during special viewing periods or for group visits. We recommend checking in advance.
Admission fees are a valuable source of funding for the maintenance of the garden. We appreciate your understanding and cooperation in the preservation of cultural properties.
Reservations
Reservations are generally not required for individual visits, but for group visits or if you wish to receive special explanations, we recommend contacting the temple in advance.
Especially during the cherry blossom season in spring and the autumn foliage season, crowds are expected, so if you wish to enjoy the garden at a leisurely pace, visiting on weekdays or early in the morning is recommended.
Access Methods
Access by Train
The temple is located approximately 3 km east of Masuda Station on the JR San’in Main Line. It’s about a 10-minute taxi ride or a 40-minute walk from the station.
Access by Bus
If using a local bus from Masuda Station, take a bus bound for Ikōji Temple, get off at the nearest bus stop, and it’s a few minutes’ walk from there. Since bus service is limited, it’s recommended to check the timetable in advance.
Access by Car
It’s about a 15-minute drive from the Masuda Interchange on the San’in Expressway. The temple has a parking lot for visitors, but it may be crowded during cherry blossom and autumn foliage seasons.
Nearby Tourist Attractions
When visiting Ikōji Temple, consider exploring other tourist attractions in Masuda City.
Manpukuji Temple is the temple where Sesshū resided before becoming head priest, and it also features a Sesshū garden. Visiting both Ikōji and Manpukuji Temples will give you a deeper understanding of Sesshū’s garden design style.
Nanao Castle Ruins is the site of the Masuda clan’s castle, and the remains of this medieval mountain castle are well-preserved. From the castle ruins, you can enjoy a panoramic view of Masuda city, giving you a real sense of the Masuda clan’s former sphere of influence.
At the Masuda City Sesshu Memorial Museum, you can learn in detail about Sesshu’s life and works. Visiting before or after your visit to Ikōji Temple will deepen your understanding of Sesshu.
Nature and Scenic Beauty of Masuda City
Masuda City is a naturally rich area facing the Sea of Japan, and beautiful nature spreads around Ikōji Temple. The Takatsu River is known as the cleanest river in Japan, and its beautiful waterside scenery captivates visitors.
The garden of Ikōji Temple has also been nurtured within this rich natural environment of Masuda. When visiting the temple, be sure to enjoy a stroll through the surrounding nature.
Ikōji Temple and Japanese Heritage
Ikōji Temple is included as a constituent cultural property of the Japanese Heritage site themed “The Enduring History Told by the Volcanoes of Iwami ~Ancient Craftsmanship, Early Modern Silver Mines, and the Traditions and Culture that Continue Today~”.
Many cultural properties of Ikōji Temple, including its garden, main gate, middle gate, the group of Buddha statues in the main hall, the statue of Masuda Munekane, landscape paintings, and the ruins of Sūkanji Temple, have been recognized as part of a Japan Heritage site, making it a representative example of Masuda City’s history and culture.
Japan Heritage is a system that recognizes stories that tell of Japanese culture and traditions through the historical charm and characteristics of a region. Ikōji Temple, as an important component in telling the history of Masuda City, contributes to the preservation of local cultural properties and the promotion of tourism.
Sesshū Corridor and Ikōji Temple
The “Sesshū Corridor” is a cultural tourism route connecting places associated with Sesshū. By visiting temples and gardens associated with Sesshū that span Yamaguchi and Shimane prefectures, you can trace Sesshū’s footsteps.
Ikōji Temple is one of the important bases of the Sesshū Corridor, and holds special significance as the place where Sesshū spent his later years and served as the head priest. While staying in Masuda, Sesshu created a garden at Sōkanji Temple, the predecessor of Ikōji Temple, fully demonstrating his artistic talent.
By touring the Sesshu Corridor, you can experience Sesshu’s life and the evolution of his art. When visiting Ikōji Temple, we recommend also visiting other places associated with Sesshu.
Annual Events and Special Viewings at Ikōji Temple
Ikōji Temple holds various Buddhist events throughout the year. The spring flower festival and the autumn equinox festival are particularly important annual events for local residents.
During the cherry blossom and autumn foliage seasons, special viewings and nighttime illuminations are sometimes held. These special occasions allow you to enjoy the garden’s appearance in a different light than usual.
For the latest information on the dates and details of special viewings, please contact the Masuda City Tourism Association or Ikōji Temple directly.
Manners and Precautions for Visiting Ikōji Temple
Ikōji Temple is a temple where religious activities are still conducted. Please observe the following manners when visiting the temple:
- Please be quiet within the temple grounds and be considerate of other visitors.
- Do not touch the plants or stone arrangements in the garden.
- Photography is only permitted in designated areas (some areas, such as inside the main hall, are off-limits for photography).
- Please take all your trash with you.
- Smoking is only permitted in designated areas.
It is important to observe these manners when visiting the temple in order to protect cultural properties.
Summary
Ikōji Temple is a historical temple representing Masuda City, Shimane Prefecture, boasting a nationally designated scenic garden designed by Sesshū, who was invited to serve as the head priest. As a temple of the Rinzai sect’s Tōfukuji branch, it has played an important role as the family temple of the Masuda clan.
Founded in 1363 as Sūkanji Temple, during the Bunmei era (1469-1487), the renowned painter Sesshū became the 5th head priest and created the famous garden. Rebuilt after the great fire of 1729, the current garden is a semi-stroll garden with a pond, featuring a crane pond and a turtle island, symbolizing auspicious motifs and expressing the worldview of Mount Penglai.
With its weeping cherry blossoms in spring, azaleas in early summer, and autumn leaves, the Ikōji Temple garden displays beautiful scenery throughout the seasons. It is an important cultural asset in the history of Japanese gardens, a fusion of Sesshū’s artistic talent and the spirituality of Zen.
Located approximately 3km from JR Masuda Station, it is relatively easy to access. When visiting Masuda City, be sure to visit Ikōji Temple and experience the beauty of this masterpiece garden left behind by Sesshū and the history of the Masuda clan. As a component cultural property of a Japan Heritage site and an important base of the Sesshū Corridor, Ikōji Temple is a special place well worth visiting.
Visiting nearby Manpukuji Temple, Nanao Castle Ruins, and the Masuda City Sesshū Memorial Museum will allow you to gain a deeper understanding of Masuda’s history and culture. Enjoy a journey through history and art amidst the scenic natural beauty of Masuda City.
