Complete Guide to Urado Shrine (Niihama City, Ehime Prefecture) | Ancient History and the Mystery of the Ringing Bell Spring
Uradō Shrine, located in Toyama-cho, Niihama City, Ehime Prefecture, is a historical shrine said to have been founded during the Yamato period (1st to 5th centuries). Formerly a village shrine, it has long been revered as a center of local faith. Within the shrine grounds is a spring called “Narukane-izumi” (Ringing Bell Spring), where clear water gushes forth, creating a sacred space surrounded by the rich natural beauty of “Uradō no Mori” (Uradō Forest).
This article comprehensively introduces all the information you need to know before visiting Urado Shrine, including its detailed history, enshrined deities, highlights of the grounds, annual events, and access information.
Basic Information about Urawatari Shrine
Location: 7-19 Toyama-cho, Niihama City, Ehime Prefecture 792-0823
Phone Number: 0897-41-7082
Former Shrine Rank: Gosha (Village Shrine)
Shrine Emblem: Three swaying figures on a tray
Main Deity: Ohoyamatsumi-no-Mikoto
Enshrined Deities: Ohoikazuchi-no-Mikoto, Takaokami-no-Mikoto, Amatsumikahoshi-no-Mikoto
Urawatari Shrine is located in a quiet residential area between National Route 11 and the Niihama Bypass, yet the shrine grounds maintain a tranquil space far removed from the hustle and bustle of the city.
Deities and Divine Status of Urawatari Shrine
Main Deity: Ohoyamatsumi-no-Mikoto
Ohoyamatsumi-no-Mikoto is a deity known in Japanese mythology as the god of mountains and the sea. According to the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, he was born as the child of Izanagi-no-Mikoto and Izanami-no-Mikoto and is revered as the god who governs the mountains.
The Ohoyamatsumi Shrine, located on Omishima Island in Imabari City, Ehime Prefecture, is the head shrine, and it is said that there are approximately 10,000 branch shrines throughout Japan. The reason why Ohoyamatsumi-no-Mikoto is enshrined as the main deity of Urawatari Shrine is due to its deep connection with Omishima Island, which will be discussed later.
Due to his characteristics as a mountain god, Ohoyamatsumi-no-Mikoto has been worshipped as the guardian deity of agriculture, forestry, and mining, and as a god of the sea, he has also been worshipped as the god of safe voyages and fishing. Considering Niihama City’s history of prosperity through copper mining and maritime trade, it’s understandable that this deity is deeply connected to the local industries.
Enshrined Deity: Ōikazuchi-no-Mikoto
Ōikazuchi-no-Mikoto is a deity known as the god of thunder. According to the *Iyo Onko Roku*, he is said to have been invited from the Raijin Shrine in Keta District, Tajima Province (present-day Raijin Shrine in Toyooka City, Hyogo Prefecture).
Thunder has been considered a symbol of heavenly power since ancient times and was revered as an agricultural deity as a bringer of rain. In particular, thunderstorms were considered important blessings that brought abundant harvests in paddy rice cultivation.
Enshrined Deity: Takaokami-no-Mikoto
Takaokami-no-Mikoto is a dragon god who controls water. It is said that he was invited from the Kifune Shrine in Atago District, Yamashiro Province (present-day Kifune Shrine in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture).
“Okami” means dragon, and he is considered a deity who particularly controls mountain water sources and valleys. As the god who controls rainfall and rain-stopping, this deity plays an important role in agriculture.
Enshrined Deity: Amatsumikahoshi-no-Mikoto
Amatsumikahoshi-no-Mikoto, also known as Ame-no-Kagaseo, is known in Japanese mythology as a Kunitsukami (earthly deity) who resisted the Amatsukami (heavenly gods) to the very end. He is considered a star god, possessing the divine attributes of Venus, and was worshipped as the god who governs the stars that serve as navigational guides.
These four deities each govern important elements of nature—mountains, thunder, water, and stars—and possess divine attributes deeply connected to the life and industries of the Niihama region, such as agriculture, mining, and navigation.
History and Origins of Urawatari Shrine
Founding and Ancient Beliefs
The exact founding date of Urawatari Shrine is unclear, but it is believed to have been established during the Yamato period (1st to 5th centuries). This period was a time when Japan was in the process of forming as a nation, and powerful local clans were establishing regional control in various areas.
The area around Niihama City has been known as a copper producing area since ancient times and was also a transportation hub facing the Seto Inland Sea. The fact that Urawatari Shrine bears the name “Urawatari” suggests that its origins may lie in beliefs related to maritime transport and sea travel.
Relationship with Omishima and History of its Establishment
According to the “Iyo Onko Roku,” Urawatari Shrine was established by inviting the deity from Oyamazumi Shrine on Omishima Island in Ochi District, Iyo Province (present-day Omishima-cho, Imabari City, Ehime Prefecture). Omishima Island is located in the center of the Seto Inland Sea and has been considered an important point for maritime transportation since ancient times.
Oyamazumi Shrine is the head shrine of all Yamazumi Shrines and Mishima Shrines throughout Japan, and has attracted fervent devotion as the god of mountains and the sea. The enshrinement of Ōyamatsumi-no-Mikoto in Niihama indicates that this region was blessed with both maritime resources and mountain resources (especially copper).
The “Yoyō Gun’yū Kokōshō” (A Record of Ancient Affairs of the Yoyo District) contains a record of the enshrinement from Ōmishima Island in Ochi District to Ura-Wataru Shrine, confirming a deep connection with Ōyamatsumi Shrine on Ōmishima Island through historical documents.
Medieval Prosperity and Ridgepole Inscriptions
The existence of a ridgepole inscription from the third year of Daidō (808 AD) suggests that the shrine was already established as a considerably large-scale shrine in the early Heian period. This period coincides with the time when the Niihama area was gaining importance as a copper producing area.
The “Yoyō Gun’yū Kokōshō” also describes the prosperity of the shrine in Seto Village, suggesting that it functioned as a central place of worship in the region.
Relationship with Sugawara no Michizane
Interestingly, there are records indicating a connection between Ura-Wataru Shrine and Sugawara no Michizane (Sugawara no Michizane). Records from when Michizane was serving as Governor of Sanuki Province state that he “crossed the barrier and offered offerings to the gods of Funaki Myojin and Izumikawa Urawatari in Niihama County, as well as to the god of Ichitsu and Kambe Isomiya.”
This indicates that when Michizane traveled from Sanuki to Iyo, or toured Iyo, he offered offerings and paid his respects at Urawatari Shrine. This shows that Urawatari Shrine was an important shrine in the region, to the point that even powerful nobles of the time visited it.
History from the Early Modern Period Onward
During the Edo period, Niihama developed significantly due to the development of the Besshi Copper Mine. It is believed that along with the prosperity of the copper mine, devotion to Urawatari Shrine, which enshrines Oyamatsumi-no-Mikoto, the god of mountains, also grew stronger.
In the Meiji era’s shrine ranking system, Urawatari Shrine was ranked as a Gosha (village shrine). A Gosha is a shrine positioned as the central shrine of a village, demonstrating the importance of Urawatari Shrine in the region.
Highlights and Sacred Spaces of the Shrine Grounds
Urawatari Forest and Abundant Nature
The grounds of Urawatari Shrine are known as “Urawatari Forest,” and despite being located in an urban area, they maintain abundant nature. Trees such as the large sakaki (Japanese evergreen tree), ancient pine trees, and old cherry trees flourish, creating a solemn atmosphere befitting a sacred site.
The large sakaki, in particular, is considered a sacred tree in Shinto and is an important tree used in Shinto rituals. The large sakaki on the grounds is a magnificent, ancient tree, symbolizing the long history of the shrine.
The old pine trees are also an important element that enhances the dignity of the shrine. Because pines are evergreen trees, they are considered symbols of eternal youth and longevity, and are often planted on shrine grounds.
The old cherry trees bloom beautifully in spring, delighting the eyes of worshippers. During cherry blossom season, the sacred space is enhanced with splendor, attracting many visitors.
Narukane-izumi (Sounding Bell Spring)
In the center of the shrine grounds is a spring called “Narukane-izumi” (Sounding Bell Spring), from which pure water gushes forth. This is one of the most distinctive features of Urawatari Shrine.
There are several theories about the origin of the name Narukane-izumi, but one theory is that it was named because the clear sound of the water resonates like the sound of a bell. Furthermore, the water in this spring has never dried up and has been cherished as sacred water since ancient times.
Water is an important element in shrines, used in purification rituals and cleansing ceremonies. Spring water is especially considered sacred and revered as a blessing from the gods. Narukane-izumi can be said to be an important presence that enhances the spirituality of the sacred area of Urawatari Shrine.
Layout of the Approach and Shrine Grounds
The approach to Urawatari Shrine is adorned with beautiful patterns made of pebbles, guiding worshippers into the sacred area. The stone decorations along the approach to the shrine signify its status and encourage worshippers to approach the altar with a pure heart.
After passing through the torii gate and proceeding along the approach, a shrine grounds surrounded by lush greenery unfolds. The flow of movement from purifying oneself at the water basin to proceeding to the main hall symbolizes the process of worshippers transitioning from everyday life to a sacred space.
Shrine Buildings and Structures
The shrine buildings of Urawatari Shrine maintain the style of traditional shrine architecture while being properly maintained. Both the worship hall and the main sanctuary possess a dignified presence befitting a center of local faith.
In addition to the main sanctuary and worship hall, the shrine grounds also contain buildings such as the shrine office, supporting the functions of the shrine. These buildings, while undergoing several renovations throughout its long history, continue to convey the traditions of the shrine to the present day.
Annual Events at Urawatari Shrine
Various festivals and events are held at Urawatari Shrine throughout the year. These events are deeply intertwined with the religious lives of the local people, preserving the tradition of celebrating seasonal milestones with the gods.
New Year’s Day Festival (January 1st)
Celebrating the start of the new year, the New Year’s Day Festival is one of the most important festivals of the year. Many worshippers visit the shrine early on New Year’s Day to pray for safety and prosperity in the coming year.
Harvest Festival (February)
Also known as the “Toshigoi Festival,” the Harvest Festival is a festival praying for a bountiful harvest. It is an important festival where prayers are offered to Oyamatsumi-no-Mikoto, who is considered the god of agriculture, for a rich harvest.
Grand Festival (Autumn)
The Grand Festival is the most important festival of the year at the shrine. A procession of portable shrines and offerings take place, and local people gather to express their gratitude for divine blessings. Niihama City is famous for its Taiko Drum Festival, and the festivals of Urawatari Shrine reflect the local festival culture.
Niiname-sai (November 23rd)
The Niiname-sai is a festival where the year’s new harvest is offered to the gods and thanks are given for the harvest. Along with the Kinensai (Prayer Festival), it is considered an important festival related to agriculture.
Monthly Festivals
Monthly festivals are held on a fixed day each month, praying for daily peace and the prosperity of the community.
These festivals play an important role in strengthening the bond between the shrine and the local community and passing on traditional culture to future generations.
Goshuin (Shrine Seal) and Shrine Office Information
About Goshuin (Shrine Seals)
Urawatari Shrine offers goshuin as proof of worship. Goshuin can be obtained at the shrine office.
The goshuin includes the shrine name “Urawatari Shrine” in calligraphy and the shrine’s seal. The date is also included, making it a cherished memento of your visit.
Goshuin (seal stamp) of Todari Shrine also available
Notably, the Urawatari Shrine office also offers goshuin (seal stamps) for Todari Shrine in Niihama City. This is because the shrine is managed by a single priest who oversees multiple shrines.
Those wishing to visit Todari Shrine can obtain the goshuin at Urawatari Shrine, allowing for an efficient pilgrimage plan.
Shrine Office Hours
The shrine office is generally open from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, but this may change during festivals and events. To ensure you receive a goshuin, it is recommended to call ahead to confirm.
Contact Information: 0897-41-7082
Access Information
Access by Public Transportation
From JR Niihama Station:
- Walking: Approximately 22 minutes (approximately 1.8 km)
- Taxi: Approximately 5 minutes
By Bus:
- Get off at the Setouchi Bus “Toyama” bus stop, then approximately 5 minutes on foot (approximately 336 m)
When walking from Niihama Station, head east after exiting the station. The route via National Route 11 towards Toyama-cho is the easiest to follow.
Access by Car
From Matsuyama:
- Approximately 10 minutes from the Niihama Interchange on the Matsuyama Expressway
From Takamatsu:
- Approximately 10 minutes from the Niihama Interchange on the Matsuyama Expressway via the Kawanoe-Higashi Junction on the Takamatsu Expressway
The shrine is located between National Route 11 and the Niihama Bypass, making it easily accessible by car.
Parking
There is parking space for visitors on the shrine grounds. However, congestion is expected during major events such as the annual festival, so it is advisable to consider using public transportation.
Nearby Tourist Attractions
Besshi Copper Mine Related Facilities
Niihama City is known for the Besshi Copper Mine, which supported Japanese industry from the Edo period to the Showa era.
- Minepia Besshi: A tourist facility where you can learn about the history of the Besshi Copper Mine.
- Tounaru District: The remains of a copper mine known as the “Machu Picchu of the East.”
Shrines and Temples in Niihama City
- Ichinomiya Shrine: The main guardian shrine of Niihama City.
- Higashidai Shrine: A shrine where Goshuin (seal stamps) are given at Urawatari Shrine.
Scenery of the Seto Inland Sea
Niihama City faces the Seto Inland Sea, offering beautiful coastline and island scenery.
The Relationship between Niihama City and Urawatari Shrine
Copper Mine Town and the Mountain God
Niihama City is known as a “copper mine town” that developed through the development of the Besshi Copper Mine. Urawatari Shrine, which enshrines Oyamatsumi-no-Mikoto, the mountain god, is thought to have functioned as a place of worship where prayers were offered for the safety and prosperity of the mine.
Taiko Festival and Local Culture
The Niihama Taiko Festival, a quintessential autumn event in Niihama City, is a grand festival considered one of the three major festivals of Shikoku. Held as a festival of each district’s shrine, it plays a vital role in community unity and the preservation of traditional culture.
Urawatari Shrine, as a center of local faith, is deeply intertwined with this festival culture.
Local Community and Shrines
Even today, Urawatari Shrine functions as a spiritual anchor for local residents. In addition to visits for important life events such as New Year’s prayers, Shichi-Go-San (a traditional rite of passage for children), and exorcisms, many residents also visit the shrine grounds as part of their daily walks, making it a beloved shrine integrated into the community.
Manners and Etiquette for Visiting Shrines
Basic Etiquette for Visiting Shrines
- Bow at the Torii Gate: Bow before passing through the torii gate. This shows respect for entering the sacred area.
- How to walk on the approach to the shrine: Since the center of the approach is considered the path of the gods, it is preferable to walk along the edges.
- How to perform the purification ritual:
- Hold the ladle in your right hand and purify your left hand.
- Switch the ladle to your left hand and purify your right hand.
- Switch the ladle back to your right hand, receive water in your left hand, and rinse your mouth.
- Finally, stand the ladle upright and purify the handle.
- How to perform the ritual at the main hall:
- Gently place your offering in the offering box.
- Ring the bell if there is one.
- Perform two bows, two claps, and one bow (two bows, two claps, one bow).
Regarding photography
Photography is generally permitted within the shrine grounds, but photography should be refrained from in sacred areas such as inside the main hall, or during religious ceremonies. Please check with the shrine office if you have any questions.
The Charm and Significance of Visiting Urawatari Shrine
Urawatari Shrine boasts a long history dating back to the Yamato period and is a venerable shrine dedicated to four deities, including Oyamatsumi-no-Mikoto. In the rapidly urbanizing city of Niihama, the shrine grounds, surrounded by abundant nature, offer a precious space for peace and tranquility.
The clear spring water flowing from the Narukane Spring, the “Urawatari Forest” with its lush sakaki and ancient pine trees, and the shrine buildings that tell a story of long history—all of these evoke a sense of reverence for nature and remind us of the faith cherished by our ancestors.
When visiting Niihama City, be sure to stop by Urawatari Shrine and experience its serene atmosphere and the weight of history. It will surely be a refreshing and cleansing experience for your soul.
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Urawatari Shrine has walked alongside the local people from ancient times to the present day as a center of faith in Niihama City, Ehime Prefecture. Its history and traditions will undoubtedly continue to be passed down to future generations. We hope that through your visit, you will experience the profound depth of Japanese shrine culture and the deeply rooted faith within the community.
