Complete Guide to Hantaji Temple | History and Highlights of the 50th Temple of the Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage
Hantaji Temple, nestled on the slopes of Mt. Awaji in Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture, is a venerable ancient temple, the 50th temple of the Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage, beloved by many pilgrims. It boasts a spectacular view overlooking Matsuyama city and the Seto Inland Sea, and its tranquil grounds soothe the hearts of visitors. This article provides a detailed overview of Hantaji Temple, including its history, highlights, access, and surrounding area.
Overview of Hantaji Temple
Hantaji Temple is a Shingon sect temple located in Hatadera-cho, Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture. Its official name is “Higashiyama Rurikoin Hantaji,” and its principal image is Yakushi Nyorai (Medicine Buddha). Its location on the slopes of Mt. Awaji offers breathtaking views of Matsuyama city, including Matsuyama Castle, and even the Seto Inland Sea.
Basic Information
- Mountain Name: Higashiyama
- Temple Name: Rurikoin
- Temple Name: Hantaji
- Sect: Shingon-shu Buzan-ha
- Principal Image: Yakushi Nyorai (Medicine Buddha)
- Pilgrimage Site: 50th Temple of the Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage
- Location: 32 Hatadera-cho, Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture
- Founder: Gyoki Bodhisattva
- Established: Nara period (Tenpyo era)
There are several theories regarding the origin of the temple name Hantaji, but the most likely theory is that it was named after the fact that this area was once near a river called “Hantagawa” (Hantagawa River). Another theory suggests it was named with the hope that many worshippers would visit.
History of Hantaji Temple
Founding and Imperial Prayer Temple of Empress Koken
Hantaji Temple’s founding dates back to the Tenpyo era (729-749) of the Nara period. It is said to have been founded by Gyoki Bodhisattva at the request of Empress Koken (later Empress Shotoku), the daughter of Emperor Shomu. Gyoki was a leading monk of the Nara period, known for establishing temples and social welfare facilities throughout Japan.
Initially, the temple was called “Komyoji” and was built as an imperial prayer temple of Empress Koken. It is said that Gyoki carved a statue of Yakushi Nyorai (Medicine Buddha) as the principal image, and enshrined Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Buddha) and Shakyamuni Buddha as attendant deities. Because it was built as an imperial prayer temple, it is believed to have been a large temple complex with seven main halls at the time.
Restoration by Kobo Daishi
In 807 AD, during the Heian period, Kobo Daishi (Kukai), who was traveling around Shikoku, visited this area. At the time, the temple was in ruins, so it is said that Kobo Daishi restored the temple buildings and changed its name to “Hanta-ji.”
It is said that Kobo Daishi performed rituals for 42 days and restored the main image, Yakushi Nyorai (Medicine Buddha). During this time, Kobo Daishi prayed for “healing from illness,” and the temple became particularly popular for its miraculous powers in treating eye diseases. Even today, many people visit the temple to pray for healing from eye ailments.
Connection with Ippen Shonin
During the Kamakura period, the temple also had a deep connection with Ippen Shonin, the founder of the Jishu sect. Ippen Shonin was from Iyo Province (present-day Ehime Prefecture) and is said to have trained at Hanta-ji. Three personal Buddha images (including Kankiten) of Ippen Shonin are preserved as temple treasures, and the temple is known for its connection to Ippen Shonin.
Development during the Edo Period
During the Edo period, the temple received patronage from the Tokugawa family. Especially during the reign of the fourth shogun, Tokugawa Ietsuna, the temple received donations from the shogunate, and the temple buildings were restored. Around this time, the Shikoku pilgrimage spread among the common people, and Hantaji Temple became a pilgrimage site, welcoming many pilgrims.
It was also considered an important place of prayer for the Matsudaira family, the lords of the Matsuyama domain, and developed under the protection of the domain. While the current main hall was rebuilt in the Showa era, the temple grounds retain stone structures and trees that evoke the history of the Edo period.
Highlights of the Temple Grounds
Hantaji Temple’s grounds are located in a naturally rich environment on the slopes of Mount Awaji and are designated as a scenic forest protection area by Matsuyama City. Historical buildings and beautiful nature harmonize within the tranquil grounds.
Main Hall
The main hall is a building rebuilt during the Showa era, and houses the principal image, Yakushi Nyorai (Medicine Buddha). Yakushi Nyorai, also known as “Iō Nyorai” (Medicine King Buddha), is worshipped as a Buddha for healing illnesses and praying for good health. It is particularly believed to have miraculous powers for eye diseases, attracting many worshippers.
Inside the main hall, in addition to the principal image of Yakushi Nyorai, which is said to have been restored by Kobo Daishi, there are also Amida Nyorai and Shakyamuni Nyorai as attendant deities. These are revered as the “Three Buddhas.”
Daishi Hall
The Daishi Hall is a hall dedicated to Kobo Daishi. During the Shikoku Pilgrimage, it is customary to visit both the main hall and the Daishi Hall at each temple. At the Daishi Hall, worshippers express gratitude to Kobo Daishi and pray for safe travels.
In front of the Daishi Hall, pilgrims’ staffs and hats are hung, creating an atmosphere reminiscent of the Shikoku Pilgrimage.
Bell Tower
The temple grounds feature a magnificent bell tower, and visitors are permitted to ring the bell. In the Shikoku Pilgrimage, it is customary to ring the bell before praying, a practice known as “saki-sho-go-rei” (ringing the bell before bowing). The sound of the bell at Hantaji Temple resonates through the quiet mountains, purifying the soul.
Observation Spot
One of Hantaji Temple’s greatest attractions is the view from its grounds. Located on the slopes of Mount Awaji, it offers panoramic views of Matsuyama Castle, Matsuyama city, and even the Seto Inland Sea. On particularly clear days, the view extends as far as the Ishizuchi Mountain Range, making it a renowned scenic spot.
In spring, the cherry blossoms are beautiful, and in autumn, the autumn leaves are stunning, allowing visitors to enjoy the scenery of each season. The area surrounding the temple grounds is designated as a scenic forest protection area, preserving its rich natural environment.
Kankiten Hall
There is a hall dedicated to Kankiten, associated with Ippen Shonin. Kankiten is worshipped as the god of business prosperity and matchmaking, attracting many worshippers. The statue of Kankiten, said to be the personal devotional image of Ippen Shonin, is an important cultural asset of the temple.
Cultural Assets and Temple Treasures
Hantaji Temple houses valuable cultural assets and temple treasures that have been passed down through its long history.
Principal Image: Seated Statue of Yakushi Nyorai
The principal image, a seated statue of Yakushi Nyorai, is said to be the work of Gyoki Bodhisattva. It is believed to have been restored by Kobo Daishi and is revered for its miraculous power to heal eye diseases. It is a hidden Buddha and is not usually on public display, but is sometimes unveiled on special occasions.
Personal Devotional Images of Ippen Shonin
Three personal devotional images of Ippen Shonin, the founder of the Jishu sect, are preserved as temple treasures. The Kankiten statue, in particular, is a precious item said to have been always carried by Ippen Shonin. These personal devotional images are important cultural assets that tell the story of the deep connection between Ippen Shonin and Hantaji Temple.
Ancient Documents
Historically valuable documents, including Edo period documents and donation letters from Tokugawa Ietsuna, are preserved here. These documents are important resources for understanding the history of Hantaji Temple and the Shikoku Pilgrimage during the Edo period.
Pilgrimage and Visiting Information
Sutra Copying and Goshuin (Temple Seal)
At Hantaji Temple, you can receive a Goshuin at the sutra copying office. The Goshuin from the 50th temple of the Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage is a precious memento for many pilgrims.
Sutra Copying Hours: 7:00 AM – 5:00 PM (may vary depending on the season)
Sutra Copying Fee: Goshuin 300 yen, Hanging Scroll 500 yen, White Robe 200 yen
The Goshuin features the calligraphy of “Yakushi Nyorai” (Medicine Buddha) and the red seal of Hantaji Temple. Since it is carefully written, it is recommended to visit with ample time.
Proper Worship Etiquette
The formal worship etiquette for the Shikoku Pilgrimage is as follows:
- Bow at the Temple Gate: Before entering the temple grounds, bow and clasp your hands together at the temple gate.
- Purify at the Water Basin: Purify your hands and mouth.
- Ring the Bell at the Bell Tower: Following the “ring the bell first, bow later” etiquette, ring the bell before praying.
- Worship at the Main Hall: Place your votive slip, offer a monetary donation, and offer a candle and incense. Afterward, join your hands in prayer and recite the sutra.
- Worship at the Daishi Hall: Worship in the same way as at the main hall.
- Receive your Goshuin (temple stamp) at the Nokyo-sho (sutra copying office): After worshipping, receive your Goshuin at the Nokyo-sho.
- Bow at the temple gate: When leaving the temple grounds, turn around at the temple gate, join your hands in prayer, and bow.
Pilgrimage Attire
The formal pilgrimage attire is as follows, but it is not necessary to have all of them:
- White Robe: The basic attire for pilgrims.
- Sedge Hat: For sun and rain protection.
- Diamond Staff: A staff considered to be an incarnation of Kobo Daishi.
- Offering Slip: Slips to be offered at each temple.
- Sutra Copying Book: A book for receiving Goshuin.
- Prayer Beads: Used when joining hands in prayer.
Access and Transportation Information
Location
〒790-0912 32 Hatadera-cho, Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture
Access by Train and Bus
From JR Matsuyama Station:
- Take the Iyo Railway Bus bound for “Kume Station,” get off at the “Hatadera” bus stop, and walk for approximately 5 minutes.
- Travel time: Approximately 25 minutes
- Bus fare: Approximately 300 yen
Iyo Railway City Tram:
- It is a considerable distance from the nearest tram stop, so we recommend using a bus or taxi.
From Matsuyama Station:
- Approximately 15 minutes by taxi
- Fare: Approximately 2,000 yen
Access by Car
Matsuyama Expressway:
- Approximately 20 minutes from Matsuyama IC
- Via National Route 33
From Matsuyama City Center:
- Approximately 15 minutes by car
- Via Prefectural Road Matsuyama Eastern Ring Road
Parking
Hantaji Temple has a free parking lot for visitors.
- Regular Cars: Approximately 20 cars
- Large Buses: Approximately 2 buses
- Fee: Free
To reach the main hall from the parking lot, you will need to climb stone steps. Those with mobility issues are advised to climb slowly and take breaks as needed.
Distance to Previous and Next Temples
From Temple No. 49, Jōdo-ji:
- Distance: Approximately 2.5 km
- Walking: Approximately 40 minutes
- Car: Approximately 10 minutes
To Temple No. 51, Ishite-ji:
- Distance: Approximately 2.5 km
- Walking: Approximately 40 minutes
- Car: Approximately 10 minutes
Hanta-ji Temple is located in the middle of the group of temples within Matsuyama City. The three temples—Jōdo-ji, Hanta-ji, and Ishite-ji—are relatively close to each other. Even those on foot can visit all three temples in one day.
Nearby Attractions and Tourist Spots
Matsuyama Castle
Located about a 15-minute drive from Hantaji Temple, Matsuyama Castle is one of Japan’s three great hilltop castles. From the castle tower, you can enjoy a panoramic view of Matsuyama city and the Seto Inland Sea. It’s also known as a famous cherry blossom viewing spot in spring. Visiting it in conjunction with a visit to Hantaji Temple is highly recommended.
Dogo Onsen
Dogo Onsen, considered one of Japan’s oldest hot springs, is about a 20-minute drive from Hantaji Temple. It’s an ideal hot spring resort for relaxing after a pilgrimage, and the Dogo Onsen Main Building is designated as a National Important Cultural Property.
Ishiteji Temple (Temple No. 51)
Ishiteji Temple, the next temple on the pilgrimage, is an ancient temple possessing many cultural assets, including the National Treasure Niomon Gate. It’s only about 2.5 km from Hantaji Temple and can be visited on foot.
Jōdoji Temple (Temple No. 49)
Jōdoji Temple, the previous temple on the pilgrimage, is also located approximately 2.5 km from Hantaji Temple. Its main hall, a designated Important Cultural Property, dates back to the Kamakura period and is a particularly historically valuable building among the 88 temples of Shikoku.
Best Season for Visiting
Spring (March-May)
Spring is the perfect season for visiting, with the cherry blossoms in full bloom and a mild climate. The period from late March to early April, especially during cherry blossom season, is particularly crowded with visitors. The fresh greenery is also beautiful, allowing for a refreshing visit.
Summer (June-August)
Summer is hot, but the lush greenery of the temple grounds creates a cool atmosphere. Visiting in the early morning or evening is recommended. Remember to stay hydrated and take breaks to prevent heatstroke.
Autumn (September-November)
Autumn is ideal for visiting the temple, as the autumn foliage is beautiful and the weather is mild. The autumn leaves in the temple grounds are especially at their peak from mid- to late November. The view of the Seto Inland Sea is even more beautiful in the crisp air.
Winter (December-February)
Winter is a quiet season for visiting the temple, as there are fewer visitors. The clear air makes the view from the temple grounds particularly beautiful. However, the stone steps can freeze, so caution is needed.
Precautions for Visiting
Clothing
Hantaji Temple is located on a mountainside, and you will need to climb stone steps, so comfortable shoes and clothing are recommended. The steps can be particularly slippery in rainy weather, so extra caution is needed.
Time Required
A typical visit takes approximately 30 minutes to 1 hour. If you wish to stroll through the grounds and enjoy the views, allow 1 hour or more.
Photography
Photography is generally permitted on the temple grounds, but consideration for the interior of the main hall and other visitors is necessary. Please refrain from taking photos, especially inside the sutra copying office and the main hall.
Manners
Temples are sacred places, so please observe the following manners:
- Worship quietly
- Do not disturb other visitors
- Take your trash with you
- Refrain from eating or drinking on the temple grounds
- Smoking is only permitted in designated areas
Annual Events at Hantaji Temple
New Year’s Day Visit
Many visitors come for their first shrine visit of the new year. They pray for good health and well-being in the new year, and welcome the year with a fresh start.
Spring and Autumn Equinox Services
Ancestral memorial services are held mainly around the spring and autumn equinoxes.
Temple Festival Services
A special service is held on the 8th of each month as a memorial day for Yakushi Nyorai (Medicine Buddha).
Guidelines for Visiting Hantaji Temple
Hantaji Temple, the 50th temple on the Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage, is located near the halfway point. For pilgrims who have walked this far, it is a place where they can feel a sense of accomplishment, having passed the halfway point.
Yakushi Nyorai (Medicine Buddha) is revered as a Buddha of healing, and is especially believed to have miraculous powers for eye diseases. In modern times, with many people straining their eyes using computers and smartphones, the number of people visiting to pray for eye health is increasing.
Located on the slopes of Mount Awaji, it offers a tranquil environment where you can pray in peace while gazing at Matsuyama city and the Seto Inland Sea. Hantaji Temple is a place where you can escape the hustle and bustle of everyday life and have time to reflect on yourself.
Summary
Hantaji Temple, the 50th temple on the Shikoku 88 Temple Pilgrimage, is an ancient temple with a history of over a thousand years. Founded by Gyoki Bodhisattva at the behest of Empress Koken and later restored by Kobo Daishi, this historic temple is also known for its connection to Ippen Shonin, the founder of the Jishu sect.
Located on the slopes of Mount Awaji, it offers breathtaking panoramic views of Matsuyama Castle, Matsuyama city, and the Seto Inland Sea. The temple grounds are a designated scenic forest protection area, boasting a rich natural environment. The principal image, Yakushi Nyorai (Medicine Buddha), is believed to have miraculous powers in healing eye diseases, attracting many worshippers.
Situated midway through the group of pilgrimage temples in Matsuyama, and close to the preceding and succeeding temples, Jodo-ji and Ishite-ji, it’s possible to visit both on foot in a single day. Free parking is available, making it easily accessible by car.
A visit to Hanta-ji Temple, enveloped in tranquility and stunning scenery, will surely be a memorable experience during your Shikoku pilgrimage. It’s a temple you should definitely visit in conjunction with your Matsuyama sightseeing.
