Complete Guide to Satake-ji Temple | History and Highlights of the 22nd Temple of the Bando Thirty-Three Kannon Pilgrimage
About Satake-ji Temple
Satake-ji Temple is a Shingon sect temple of the Buzan school located in Tenjinbayashi-cho, Hitachiota City, Ibaraki Prefecture. Its mountain name is Myofuku-zan, its temple name is Myo-on-in, and its principal image is the Eleven-faced Kannon Bodhisattva. As the 22nd temple of the Bando Thirty-Three Kannon Pilgrimage, it is a historic temple that has attracted many pilgrims since ancient times.
It developed as a place of prayer for successive generations of the Satake clan, who ruled Hitachi Province from the Kamakura period to the Edo period, and is also known as “Kitamuki Kannon” or “Satake Kannon.” The main hall is a valuable building that preserves the architectural style of the Muromachi period and is designated as a National Important Cultural Property.
History of Satake-ji Temple
Origin of Founding
There are two theories regarding the founding of Satake-ji Temple. One theory suggests it was founded in 807 (Daido 2), while another claims it was established in 985 (Kanna 1) by the monk Genmitsu at the behest of Emperor Kazan.
Initially, it was called “Kannon-ji” and is said to have been built on the peak of Dozaki, north of Inamura Shrine. From the Heian period to the Kamakura period, it developed as one of the centers of Kannon worship in Hitachi Province.
Deep Connection with the Satake Clan
In the Kamakura period, it came under the patronage of the Satake clan, the main lineage of the Hitachi Minamoto clan. The Satake clan expanded their power based in northern Hitachi Province and considered Satake-ji Temple an important place of prayer for their family. It is believed that the name “Satake-ji” came into use around this time.
Successive heads of the Satake clan visited Satake-ji Temple to pray for victory in battle and the prosperity of their family, and made many donations. The temple prospered alongside the Satake clan, establishing itself as a powerful temple in Hitachi Province.
The Fire and Reconstruction of the Tenbun Era
In 1543 (Tenbun 12), Satake-dera Temple suffered significant damage during the war, with most of its buildings destroyed by fire. However, just three years later, in 1546 (Tenbun 15), it was rebuilt on its current site by Satake Yoshiaki, the 17th head of the Satake clan.
This rebuilt main hall is a nationally designated important cultural property that remains to this day. It strongly retains the architectural style of the late Muromachi period and is a valuable cultural heritage site that embodies the pinnacle of architectural technology of the time.
From the Edo Period Onward
In 1602 (Keicho 7), following the aftermath of the Battle of Sekigahara, the Satake clan was transferred to Dewa Province (present-day Akita Prefecture). Even after the Satake clan’s relocation, Satake-ji Temple is said to have received the patronage of Tokugawa Mitsukuni, the lord of the Mito domain, and maintained its status as a temple.
Throughout the Edo period, it served as a pilgrimage site for the 33 Kannon temples of Bando, attracting many pilgrims and continuing to function as a center of local faith. The impact of the anti-Buddhist movement of the Meiji era was relatively minor, and it has preserved its valuable cultural assets to this day.
Architectural Highlights
Main Hall (Nationally Designated Important Cultural Property)
The main hall of Satake-ji Temple is a late Muromachi period building rebuilt in 1546 and designated as a Nationally Important Cultural Property. It has a square floor plan with five bays in length and five bays in width, and is characterized by its hipped thatched roof.
The building’s structure is an eclectic style, a blend of Zen (Tang) and Japanese architectural styles, clearly demonstrating the characteristics of regional temple architecture from the Muromachi period. Inside, a Buddhist altar is erected, housing the principal image, the Eleven-Faced Kannon Bodhisattva.
The thatched roof is regularly re-thatched, preserving traditional architectural techniques. The imposing roof and well-proportioned building evoke the atmosphere of the Muromachi period for visitors.
Characteristics of Kitamuki Kannon
Satake-ji Temple is also known as “Kitamuki Kannon” (North-Facing Kannon). This is because the main hall faces north, a rare feature among the 33 Kannon pilgrimage sites of Bando.
There are various theories as to why it faces north, including the idea that it faces the direction of Ota Castle, the residence of the Satake clan, and the theory that it has feng shui significance. This unique orientation is one of Satake-ji Temple’s distinctive charms.
Buildings on the Temple Grounds
In addition to the main hall, the temple grounds also contain buildings such as the Niomon Gate, bell tower, and kitchen. Kongo Rikishi statues are enshrined in the Niomon Gate, welcoming visitors.
The temple grounds are enveloped in silence, exuding a tranquil atmosphere with ancient trees. In spring, the cherry blossoms are beautiful, and in autumn, the autumn leaves are stunning, allowing visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature throughout the seasons.
Cultural Property
Important Cultural Property (National Designation)
Main Hall
As mentioned above, this building, dating from the late Muromachi period, is designated as a National Important Cultural Property. As a valuable example of medieval temple architecture within Ibaraki Prefecture, it holds a significant position in architectural history.
Principal Image: Eleven-Faced Kannon Bodhisattva
The principal image, the Eleven-Faced Kannon Bodhisattva, is believed to be highly effective in prayers for safe childbirth and protection against misfortune, and has long attracted devout followers. The Eleven-Faced Kannon, with its eleven faces, is believed to watch over and save all sentient beings in all directions.
Many prayers are offered, particularly regarding safe childbirth, child-rearing, and women’s health, attracting worshippers not only from the local area but also from far away.
Other Cultural Assets
The temple grounds house items related to the Satake clan, ancient documents, and Buddhist implements, making them valuable resources for understanding the history of Hitachi Province.
22nd Temple of the Bando Thirty-Three Kannon Pilgrimage
About the Bando Thirty-Three Kannon Pilgrimage
The Bando Thirty-Three Kannon Pilgrimage is a pilgrimage route spanning one metropolis and six prefectures: Kanagawa, Tokyo, Saitama, Gunma, Tochigi, Ibaraki, and Chiba. It is said to have been established by Minamoto no Yoritomo, modeled after the Saigoku Thirty-Three Kannon Pilgrimage, and is a historical pilgrimage route that has continued since the Kamakura period.
Satake-ji Temple is the 22nd temple on the pilgrimage route and an important pilgrimage site within Ibaraki Prefecture.
Waka Poem
The waka poem of Satake-ji Temple is as follows:
“In a single verse, a thousand years are contained within Satake-ji Temple; the pine trees visible through the mist.”
This hymn expresses the long history of Satake-ji Temple and the scenery of pine trees visible through the mist.
Temple Offering Hours
- April to October: 9:00 AM to 4:30 PM
- November to March: 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM
- Lunchtime: 12:00 PM to 1:00 PM (Temple offerings suspended)
Those wishing to receive a temple stamp or offering are advised to visit during the hours listed above.
Preceding and Following Temples
- Temple No. 21: Nichirinji Temple (Hitachiota City, Ibaraki Prefecture)
- Temple No. 22: Satakeji Temple (Hitachiota City, Ibaraki Prefecture)
- Temple No. 23: Shofukuji Temple (Mito City, Ibaraki Prefecture)
Location and Access
Location
Address
2404 Tenjinbayashi-cho, Hitachiota City, Ibaraki Prefecture 313-0049
Phone Number
0294-72-2078
Access by Public Transportation
By Train and Bus
Get off at Hitachiota Station on the JR Suigun Line, then take a taxi for about 10 minutes.
Since bus services from Hitachiota Station are limited, taking a taxi is convenient. There is a taxi stand in front of the station.
Access by Car
Using the Joban Expressway
- Approximately 30 minutes from Naka IC
- Approximately 20 minutes from Hitachi Minami-Ota IC
Parking
There is a free parking lot for visitors on the temple grounds (approximately 20 spaces for regular cars).
Points to Note When Visiting
How to Visit
- Bow at the Niomon Gate before entering the temple grounds.
- Cleanse your hands and mouth at the water basin.
- Join your hands in prayer in front of the main hall and offer your prayers to Kannon.
- Receive a Goshuin (temple stamp) at the Nokyosho (temple office) (optional).
Estimated Time Required for Visiting
Visiting the temple grounds and the main hall takes approximately 30 minutes to 1 hour. If you wish to stroll around the grounds or enjoy taking photos, it is recommended to allow 1 hour or more.
Regarding Photography
Photography is generally permitted on the temple grounds, but prior confirmation is required for photography inside the main hall. Prior permission is required for the use of tripods or for commercial photography.
Nearby Tourist Attractions
Highlights of Hitachiota City
Nishiyama-so
The retirement residence of Tokugawa Mitsukuni, known as Mito Komon. Approximately 15 minutes by car from Satake-ji Temple.
Ryujin Suspension Bridge
A pedestrian-only suspension bridge with a total length of 375m. Enjoy the beauty of the valley in all four seasons. Approximately 30 minutes by car from Satake-ji Temple.
Hitachiota City Local History Museum
A facility where you can learn about the history and culture of Hitachiota. There are also exhibits related to the Satake clan.
Other Bando Pilgrimage Sites
If you visit Satake-ji Temple, why not also visit the nearby Bando Pilgrimage Sites? Temple No. 21, Nichirin-ji Temple, and Temple No. 23, Shofuku-ji Temple, are also located in the Hitachiota City/Mito City area, allowing for efficient pilgrimage.
Annual Events
Main Ceremonies and Events
New Year’s Visit (January 1st-3rd)
The temple is bustling with New Year’s visitors.
Spring Grand Festival (April)
A memorial service is held to coincide with the auspicious day of the principal image, the Eleven-Faced Kannon Bodhisattva.
Autumn Grand Festival (October)
A memorial service to express gratitude for the harvest and pray for family safety.
The Charm of Satake-ji Temple
A Space Where You Can Feel the Romance of History
The greatest charm of Satake-ji Temple is its dignified atmosphere as an ancient temple with a history of over 1200 years. Its deep connection with the Satake clan, a prestigious samurai family of Hitachi Province, transcends mere temple history, telling the story of Hitachi Province itself from the medieval to the early modern period.
Looking up at the imposing thatched roof of the main hall, you can feel the pinnacle of Muromachi period architectural technology. Having survived the ravages of war during the Sengoku period and rebuilt by Satake Yoshiaki, the main hall is a testament to the faith of those who overcame hardship.
A Space of Silence and Prayer
The temple grounds are enveloped in silence, offering peace of mind to visitors. Away from the hustle and bustle of the city, the time spent praying before the Kannon statue will be a precious moment to forget the busyness of everyday life.
The temple grounds are especially enveloped in a solemn atmosphere in the early morning and at dusk.
Beauty in Every Season
In spring, the cherry blossoms in the temple grounds bloom beautifully; in summer, the lush green trees provide coolness. In autumn, the autumn leaves color the grounds; and in winter, the snow-covered main hall presents a solemn beauty.
Satake-ji Temple, which shows a different face with each season, offers new discoveries with every visit.
Advice for Visitors
Clothing and Items to Bring
- We recommend wearing comfortable walking shoes.
- In summer, bring a hat, parasol, and water.
- In winter, dress warmly.
- Bringing a pilgrimage notebook or stamp book is recommended.
Manners and Precautions
- The temple grounds are a sacred place. Please pray quietly.
- Always take your trash with you.
- Avoid touching buildings or Buddha statues.
- Eating and drinking are prohibited inside the main hall.
- If you are bringing a pet, we recommend checking in advance.
Best Season
Satake-ji Temple can be visited throughout the year, but the following times are especially recommended:
- Spring (April-May): Cherry blossom season. The climate is mild, making it ideal for visiting the temple.
- Autumn (October-November): Beautiful autumn foliage and pleasant weather.
- Bando Thirty-Three Kannon Pilgrimage: Spring and autumn are the best seasons for walking.
Summary
Satake-ji Temple is a historical and cultural heritage site that Hitachiota City, Ibaraki Prefecture, is proud of. It is a venerable temple, the 22nd stop on the Bando Thirty-Three Kannon Pilgrimage, and is beloved by many pilgrims.
Founded in 807 (Daido 2) or 985 (Kanna 1), it boasts a history of over 1200 years, and particularly flourished as a place of prayer for successive generations of the Satake clan. After being destroyed by fire in 1543 (Tenbun 12), the main hall, rebuilt in 1546 (Tenbun 15) by Satake Yoshiaki, is carefully preserved to this day as a nationally important cultural property.
The principal image, the Eleven-Faced Kannon Bodhisattva, is believed to be highly effective in granting safe childbirth and warding off evil. The unique architectural layout, also known as “Kitamuki Kannon” (North-Facing Kannon), is a distinctive feature of Satake-ji Temple.
When visiting Ibaraki Prefecture, we highly recommend visiting Satake-ji Temple and spending some time in its timeless history and tranquility. Whether as part of a pilgrimage to the 33 Kannon temples of Bando or as part of a historical exploration of Hitachiota City, Satake-ji Temple is a wonderful temple well worth visiting.
