Azumayanuma Shrine (Iizaka-machi, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture) Complete Guide: The History and Faith of an Engishiki Myojin Taisha Shrine
Azumayanuma Shrine, located in Myojinwaki, Hirano, Iizaka-machi, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture, is a historic shrine listed as a Myojin Taisha (a major shrine) in the Engishiki Jinmyocho (a list of shrines compiled during the Heian period). This shrine possesses a unique form of worship, blending mountain worship of Mt. Azuma with water deity worship of Rainuma Pond, and deeply connected to the legend of Yamato Takeru. This guide will provide a detailed explanation of its history, enshrined deities, grounds, and modern-day visitor information.
Basic Information on Azumayanuma Shrine
Azumayanuma Shrine is located at 1 Myojinwaki, Hirano, Iizaka-machi, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture. It is within walking distance of Hirano Station on the Fukushima Kotsu Iizaka Line, making it easily accessible for those visiting Iizaka Onsen. The postal code is 〒960-0231, and the corporate number is 8380005000636 (assigned October 5, 2015).
Location and Access
Address: 1 Myojinwaki, Hirano, Iizaka-machi, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture
Nearest Station: Approximately 10 minutes on foot from Hirano Station on the Fukushima Kotsu Iizaka Line
Access by Car: Approximately 15 minutes from the Fukushima Iizaka IC on the Tohoku Expressway
Parking: Parking space available for visitors on the shrine grounds
It is located close to the Iizaka Onsen hot spring resort area, making it easy to visit in conjunction with surrounding historical sites such as Io-ji Temple.
The Position of Higashiyanuma Shrine in the Engishiki Jinmyocho
The most important feature of Higashiyanuma Shrine is that it is listed as “Mutsu Province, Shinobu District, Higashiyanuma Shrine, Myojin-dai” in the Engishiki Jinmyocho, compiled in the 5th year of the Engi era (927). This entry is evidence that the shrine was given special importance by the imperial court during the Heian period, indicating that it was recognized not merely as a small local shrine, but as a nationally important shrine.
What is a Myojin Taisha?
A Myojin Taisha is a shrine of particularly high status among those listed in the Engishiki Jinmyocho (a list of shrines compiled in the Heian period), and played an important role in national rituals. Approximately 285 shrines nationwide are designated as Myojin Taisha, and the number is very limited in Mutsu Province (the region spanning present-day Fukushima and Aomori prefectures).
There are a total of five Engishiki-listed shrines located in Shinobu District, but only Higashiyanuma Shrine is designated as a Myojin Taisha. The other four shrines are as follows:
- Azumayakuni Shrine
- Shirawase Shrine
- Kuronuma Shrine
- Kashima Shrine
Among these shrines listed in the Engishiki (ancient Japanese legal code), it is clear that Azumayakuni Shrine held a special status.
The Deity and Origin of the Worship at Azumayakuni Shrine
There are several theories regarding the deity enshrined at Azumayakuni Shrine. This is thought to be the result of a complex interplay of ancient nature worship, later syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism, and the influence of the legend of Yamato Takeru.
Main Deity
Currently, the main deity enshrined at Azumayakuni Shrine is considered to be Yamato Takeru no Mikoto. Yamato Takeru no Mikoto was a prince of Emperor Keiko, the 12th emperor, and is a heroic deity known for the legend of pacifying the eastern provinces.
Origin of the Shrine Name and Nature Worship
The name of the shrine itself, “Azumaya Numa Shrine,” tells the story of its origins.
- Azumaya: Refers to Mount Azuma. Mount Azuma is a group of volcanoes that straddle the border between Fukushima and Yamagata prefectures, and has long been an object of mountain worship.
- Numa: Believed to refer to Ikazuchinuma (Thunder Marsh). This marsh is thought to have been located near the present-day Goshikinuma and was a center of water deity worship.
As can be inferred from the shrine name, Azumaya Numa Shrine is believed to have originally been a sacred site of ancient nature worship, where mountain worship of Mount Azuma and water deity worship of Ikazuchinuma were fused. It was likely revered as a water deity who controlled thunder and as a god who brought rain essential for agriculture.
Connection to the Legend of Yamato Takeru
Azumaya Numa Shrine has a legend concerning Yamato Takeru’s eastern expedition.
According to legend, when Yamato Takeru was conquering the eastern provinces, he defeated the chieftain of the Eastern Barbarians (Toi: an ethnic group from the eastern provinces) near a swamp located southeast of the present shrine grounds. It is believed that the shrine was founded to commemorate this victory, or to enshrine Yamato Takeru for his successful conquest of the eastern provinces.
This legend, intertwined with the historical context of the ancient imperial court’s expansion of control over the Tohoku region, suggests the transformation of Higashiya Numa Shrine from a simple local shrine dedicated to a nature deity to a shrine of national significance.
The Legend of Nanamatsu Daimyojin
Higashiya Numa Shrine also has the alternative name “Nanamatsu Daimyojin.” This is said to originate from the seven large pine trees that once stood on the shrine grounds, and the shrine has been known by this name in the region since ancient times.
Furthermore, there is a legend that a large snake living in Kaminuma (Thunder Swamp) was worshipped as a deity, showing evidence of a connection between water deity worship and dragon/serpent worship. The serpent, as a being that controls water and as a god that brings fertility, was an important object of worship in agricultural societies.
History and Changes of Higashiyanuma Shrine
The founding date of Higashiyanuma Shrine is unknown, but its history is thought to date back to ancient times. Since it is listed in the Engishiki Jinmyocho (a list of shrines compiled in the Heian period), it is certain that it was already established as an important shrine at least by the early Heian period.
From Ancient Times to the Heian Period
It is said that Higashiyanuma Shrine was originally located near Kaminuma Pond in the Azuma Mountains. The area around the current Goshikinuma Pond is considered a possible location, and it is presumed to have been a sacred site where the mountain worship of Azuma Mountain and the water deity worship of Kaminuma Pond were integrated.
The fact that it was listed as a Myojin Taisha (a major shrine) in the Engishiki Jinmyocho, completed in 927 AD, indicates that the imperial court at the time recognized this shrine as a nationally important object of worship. Myojin Taisha received special offerings from the state, and important rituals were performed there.
Relocation in the Middle Ages
At some point in the Middle Ages, Higashiyanuma Shrine is believed to have been relocated to Gorinzan (Daiyama) in Osasao Village (present-day Osasao district, Fukushima City). The reason for this relocation is unclear, but possible explanations include volcanic activity of Mount Azuma, political reasons, or changes in religious practices.
Later, it was relocated again to its current location, Myojinwaki, Hirano, Iizaka Town. The exact timing of this relocation is also unknown, but despite multiple relocations, its status as an Engishiki-listed shrine and its religious significance were maintained.
From the Early Modern to the Modern Period
During the Edo period, it held a central role as a regional shrine and was revered as an important shrine in Shinobu County. It was the center of faith for the local people, and records show that various events and ceremonies were held there.
In the Meiji era’s shrine system reforms, Higashiyanuma Shrine was initially ranked as a Gōsha (village shrine). Gōsha is a mid-ranking shrine in the modern shrine ranking system, given to important shrines within a county. However, it was later changed to a village shrine. The reason for this change in shrine rank is unclear, but it is thought to be due to the complex shrine reorganization policies of the Meiji era.
Modern Higashiyanuma Shrine
Under the post-war religious corporation system, Higashiyanuma Shrine continues to be protected by the local people as the local tutelary shrine and a historically significant shrine listed in the Engishiki (ancient Japanese legal code). Its historical value as an Engishiki-listed shrine is widely recognized, and it is a popular destination for shrine history researchers and history enthusiasts.
Grounds and Highlights
The grounds of Higashiyanuma Shrine are located in a quiet residential area of Hirano, Iizaka-machi. While not vast, it possesses the dignity and tranquil atmosphere of an ancient shrine.
Main Hall and Shrine Buildings
The main hall is built in a traditional shrine architectural style, exuding a sense of history. Although not large in scale, it is carefully maintained, reflecting the deep faith of the local people.
Atmosphere of the Shrine Grounds
Ancient trees line the grounds, creating a serene atmosphere. Although the giant pine tree that gave the shrine its name, “Nanamatsu Daimyojin,” no longer exists, the trees on the shrine grounds tell the story of the shrine’s long history.
In front of the shrine building is a purification fountain where worshippers can cleanse themselves. The shrine grounds are meticulously clean, reflecting the care and dedication of the local community.
Stone Monuments and Memorials
Within the shrine grounds are stone monuments detailing the shrine’s history and memorials commemorating the local history. These inscriptions reveal the significant role Higashiyanuma Shrine played in the community.
Annual Events and Festivals of Higashiyanuma Shrine
Higashiyanuma Shrine holds various events and ceremonies throughout the year. As the local guardian deity and protector of agriculture, seasonal festivals are important events for the community.
Main Annual Events
- Annual Grand Festival: The most important festival, held every autumn, attracts a large number of local residents.
- New Year’s Festival: Prayers are offered at the beginning of the year for peace and a bountiful harvest.
- Spring and Autumn Grand Festivals: Prayers are offered at seasonal turning points to express gratitude for divine blessings and to pray for future peace and prosperity.
These festivals are preserved within the modern community while maintaining ancient traditions.
Azuma-Yanuma Shrine and Surrounding Engishiki Shrines
In Shinobu County, there are five Engishiki shrines, including Azuma-Yanuma Shrine. Visiting these shrines allows for a deeper understanding of the ancient Shinobu County’s world of beliefs.
Azuma-Yakuni Shrine
Azuma-Yakuni Shrine is an Engishiki shrine located in Amanuma, Fukushima City. Although its name is similar to Azuma-Yanuma Shrine, it is a separate shrine, and both enshrine Yamato Takeru as their deity. There are various theories regarding the relationship between the two shrines, including the theory that they were originally one shrine, or that they were sister shrines sharing the Azumayama faith.
Other Shikinaisha Shrines in Shinobu District
Shirawase Shrine, Kuronuma Shrine, and Kashima Shrine are also ancient shrines with their own unique histories and beliefs. A pilgrimage to these Shikinaisha shrines, including the others, offers a valuable opportunity to experience the ancient history of Fukushima.
Iizaka Onsen and Higashiyanuma Shrine
Iizaka Town, where Higashiyanuma Shrine is located, is home to Iizaka Onsen, known as one of Japan’s oldest hot springs. Iizaka Onsen is counted as one of the three most famous hot springs in Oshu and is said to have a history of over 2000 years.
Visiting Shrines in Combination with Iizaka Onsen Sightseeing
When visiting Iizaka Onsen, we highly recommend including a visit to Higashiyanuma Shrine in your plans. It’s within walking distance of the hot spring town and can be visited along with other historical sites such as Io-ji Temple.
Healing your mind and body in the hot springs and reflecting on history at ancient shrines – such a fulfilling travel plan is possible in Iizaka Town.
Nearby Attractions
- Iōji Temple: An ancient temple near Iizaka Onsen, said to contain the grave of Shizuka Gozen, the beloved concubine of Minamoto no Yoshitsune.
- Former Horikiri Residence: A facility that opens the former residence of a wealthy merchant to the public, where you can also enjoy a footbath.
- Sabako-yu: A symbolic public bathhouse in Iizaka Onsen.
Guidelines for Visiting Higashiyanuma Shrine
When visiting Higashiyanuma Shrine, please keep the following points in mind.
Manners for Visiting Shrine
- When passing through the torii gate: Bow before entering the shrine grounds.
- Procedure for washing hands: Cleanse your hands in the order of left hand, right hand, and mouth at the water basin.
- Procedure for worship: The basic procedure is two bows, two claps, and one bow.
- Behavior within the shrine grounds: Worship quietly and respectfully.
About Goshuin (Shrine Seals)
While Higashiyanuma Shrine offers Goshuin, there may not always be a resident priest present. If you wish to receive a Goshuin, we recommend checking in advance.
About Photography
Photography is generally permitted on the shrine grounds, but please refrain from taking photos inside the main hall or during rituals. Also, please be considerate of other visitors.
The Faith and Modern Significance of Higashiyanuma Shrine
Higashiyanuma Shrine is not merely a historical relic. Even today, it plays an important role as a spiritual center for local people and as a place to convey Japanese spiritual culture.
Center of the Local Community
Shrines play a role in strengthening community ties through festivals and cleaning activities. In today’s society, with its declining birthrate and aging population, the value of such places that foster community bonds is increasing.
Place for Historical Education
Higashiyanuma Shrine, with its historical value as an Engishiki-listed shrine, is also a valuable teaching material for learning local history. Learning about the history of shrines, both in school education and as part of lifelong learning, deepens understanding of and affection for one’s local community.
Inheritance of Nature Worship
The worship of Mount Azuma and Lake Kaminuma as deities resonates with the modern theme of coexisting with nature. The reverence for nature held by ancient people is a value that should be re-evaluated in today’s world where environmental problems are becoming increasingly serious.
Summary: The Charm of Higashiyanuma Shrine
Higashiyanuma Shrine is a prestigious ancient shrine listed as a Myojin Taisha (a major shrine) in the Engishiki Jinmyocho (a historical record of shrines), yet it is a friendly and approachable shrine deeply rooted in the local community. It possesses a unique history, a fusion of multiple religious elements: mountain worship of Mount Azuma, water deity worship of Lake Kaminuma, and the legend of Yamato Takeru. It has a long history as a center of faith in Shinobu County.
When visiting Iizaka Onsen, be sure to visit this historic shrine. Feeling the breath of ancient faith in its tranquil grounds will be a valuable experience away from the hustle and bustle of modern life.
In a specific location—Hirano, Myojinwaki, Iizaka-machi, Fukushima City—a shrine mentioned in the Engishiki, a national historical document, still exists today. This fact itself speaks to the continuity of Japanese history and the depth of its culture. Higashiyanuma Shrine is an irreplaceable cultural heritage that connects the past, present, and future.
