Complete Guide to Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine | History, Benefits, Access, and Festivals Explained in Detail
Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine, located in Tanagura-machi, Higashishirakawa-gun, Fukushima Prefecture, is a prestigious ancient shrine boasting a history of over 1200 years. As a center of mountain worship with Mount Yamizo as its sacred object, it has attracted many worshippers since ancient times. This article provides a detailed explanation of everything you need to know before visiting Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine, including its history, enshrined deities, benefits, highlights within the grounds, annual festivals, and access methods.
What is Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine?
Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine is a shrine located in Baba, Tanagura, Tanagura-machi, Higashishirakawa-gun, Fukushima Prefecture, and is also known as “Yamizomine Shrine.” This shrine is a sacred site of mountain worship, with Mount Yamizo (elevation 1,022m), which straddles the border between Fukushima and Ibaraki prefectures, as its sacred object of worship. From ancient times to the Middle Ages, it was an important center of faith connecting the Tohoku and Kanto regions.
Another shrine bearing the same name, Tsutsukowake Shrine, exists in Tanagura Town: Chikatsu Tsutsukowake Shrine. The two shrines have a deep historical connection, and a dispute over which was the main shrine continued until the Edo period. Currently, both shrines are independent and enjoy considerable reverence.
History of Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine
Founding and Ancient Times
Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine is said to have been founded in 807 AD (Daido 2). A legend remains that in the early Heian period, Sakanoue no Tamuramaro visited this area during his Tohoku expedition and, impressed by the divine power of Mount Yamizo, constructed a shrine. However, some theories suggest the actual founding date is even older, originating from mountain worship dating back to the Kofun period.
Although not listed in the Engishiki Jinmyocho (compiled in 927), it is certain that it was a powerful local shrine that attracted widespread devotion from ancient times. Mount Yamizo occupies an important geographical position as the “border between Mutsu Province and Hitachi Province,” and has been revered by people from both provinces.
Development in the Middle Ages
From the late Heian period to the Kamakura period, Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine flourished under the reverence of local samurai groups. In particular, the Oshu Fujiwara clan and subsequent powerful families who ruled the area undertook the construction and repair of shrine buildings, and the shrine’s territory expanded.
During the Muromachi period, under the patronage of powerful daimyo such as the Shirakawa Yuki clan and the Satake clan, the shrine’s influence further prospered. During this period, the Yamizo Mountain faith spread widely throughout the Kanto and Tohoku regions, becoming a sacred site visited by many ascetics and pilgrims.
The Edo Period and the “Head Shrine Controversy”
During the Edo period, the shrine received deep reverence from successive lords of the Tanagura Domain. However, during this time, a problem known as the “Head Shrine Controversy” surfaced. A dispute arose between the Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine and the Chikatsu Tsutsukowake Shrine, both located within Tanagura Town, over which was the head shrine of the Tsutsukowake Shrines.
Both shrines had long histories and traditions, and each claimed legitimacy. The Edo Shogunate and the domain intervened to mediate, but no clear conclusion was reached. This dispute continued into the Meiji era, and was ultimately settled with both shrines being recognized as independent shrines.
After the Meiji Era
With the Meiji-era decree separating Shinto and Buddhism, the Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine, which had previously maintained a form of syncretism between Shinto and Buddhism, eliminated Buddhist elements and established itself as a purely Shinto shrine. In 1873 (Meiji 6), it was designated a local shrine and recognized as an important shrine in the region.
During the Showa era, after the turmoil of World War II, it was maintained by local residents. It is still carefully preserved today as an important cultural property of Tanagura Town and a symbol of the region’s identity.
Deities and Benefits
Deities
The deities enshrined at Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine are the following three:
Ajisukitakahikone-no-Mikoto
The principal deity, Ajisukitakahikone-no-Mikoto, is a son of Okuninushi-no-Mikoto and is associated with agriculture and thunder. “Ajisuki” means a plow, and he has been worshipped since ancient times as a god who governs agriculture. Furthermore, due to his aspect as a thunder god, he is also revered as a god who controls the weather.
Yamato Takeru-no-Mikoto
A heroic god in Japanese mythology, there is a legend that he visited Mount Yamizo during his eastern expedition. He is worshipped as a god of martial prowess and a guardian deity of travelers.
Takeminakata-no-Mikoto
Takeminakata-no-Mikoto, also known as the enshrined deity of Suwa Grand Shrine, possesses characteristics of a god of war and military prowess. He is also worshipped as a god who controls wind and water.
Benefits
The following benefits are believed to be offered at Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine:
- Abundant Harvest and Agricultural Prosperity: As the main enshrined deity, Ajisukitakahikone-no-Mikoto, is a god of agriculture, many worshippers visit to pray for a bountiful harvest.
- Business Prosperity and Success: Prayers can be offered not only for agriculture but also for the development of all kinds of livelihoods.
- Family Safety: As a guardian deity of the region, it protects the health and peace of the family.
- Protection from Evil and Good Fortune: As a shrine with long-standing spiritual efficacy, it is believed to be effective for warding off evil and praying for good fortune.
- Good Fortune in Military Affairs and Competitions: Because the shrine enshrines Yamato Takeru and Takeminakata-no-Mikoto, people visit to pray for success in competitions and passing exams.
- Safe Travel: Since Yamato Takeru is considered the guardian deity of travelers, the shrine is also suitable for praying for safe travels.
Highlights of the Shrine Grounds
Shrine Buildings
The shrine buildings of Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine are valuable structures that preserve the architectural style of the late Edo period. The main hall is in the Ikkensha Nagare-zukuri style, a simple yet dignified design. The worship hall is in the Irimoya-zukuri style, creating a solemn atmosphere that welcomes worshippers.
The carvings on the shrine buildings are exquisitely decorated by Edo period craftsmen, featuring designs of dragons, lions, flowers, and birds. These carvings are valuable cultural assets that convey the high level of skill of that time.
Sacred Tree
A giant cedar tree, estimated to be several hundred years old, stands tall within the shrine grounds. This sacred tree is a living witness to the long history of the shrine, imbuing the grounds with a sacred atmosphere. Many visitors touch the sacred tree to receive its power.
Stone Steps and Approach
The stone steps leading to the shrine are gently sloped and relatively easy to climb, even for the elderly. Lanterns line both sides of the approach, creating a particularly magical atmosphere at dusk.
Water Basin
Near the entrance is a water basin where pure water constantly flows, used for purifying oneself before worship. The names of donors are inscribed on the stone basin, reflecting the deep faith of the local people.
Subsidiary Shrines
Several subsidiary shrines (subsidiary shrines and minor shrines) are enshrined around the main shrine. Each enshrines a different deity and is believed to offer various blessings. If you have time, we recommend visiting these subsidiary shrines within the grounds.
Annual Festivals and Grand Festival
Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine holds various festivals throughout the year.
Grand Festival (September)
The most important festival is the Grand Festival, held every September. It features a portable shrine procession and Kagura (sacred dance) performances, attracting many parishioners and worshippers. Traditional local performing arts are sometimes showcased, making it a valuable opportunity to experience the culture of Tanagura Town.
New Year’s Day Festival (January 1st)
This is the first festival of the new year, praying for peace and prosperity throughout the year. Many visitors come early on New Year’s Day to offer their New Year’s greetings to the gods.
Harvest Festival (February)
This festival, held with the arrival of spring, prays for a bountiful harvest. As a shrine dedicated to the god of agriculture, it is one of the most important festivals.
Niiname-sai (November)
This festival expresses gratitude for the autumn harvest, with the newly harvested grains of the year being offered to the gods. It is an important event that expresses gratitude for a bountiful harvest.
Monthly Festivals
On designated days each month, festivals are held to pray for the peace of the shrine and the well-being of the parishioners.
The dates of these festivals may change from year to year, so it is recommended to check in advance when planning your visit.
Goshuin (Shrine Seals) and Other Items
Goshuin (Shrine Seals)
At Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine, you can receive a goshuin as proof of your visit. The goshuin will have the shrine name and date of visit written in ink, and a red seal will be stamped on it. There may be slight differences depending on the calligrapher, but all are beautifully written goshuin.
When receiving a goshuin, please bring your goshuincho (seal book) and request it at the shrine office. A donation (approximately 300-500 yen) will be required. Please note that the shrine office may be unattended, so if you definitely want to receive a Goshuin (shrine stamp), we recommend contacting them in advance.
Amulets and Sacred Items
At Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine, you can receive various amulets and talismans.
- Traffic Safety Amulet: An amulet to protect the safety of cars and bicycles.
- Exorcism Amulet: An amulet for those in their unlucky year or those seeking protection from misfortune.
- Academic Success Amulet: An amulet for students taking exams or other students.
- Health Amulet: An amulet for wishing for good health and longevity.
- Business Prosperity Amulet: An amulet for those wishing for business development.
- Family Safety Talisman: A talisman to display in the home.
Please inquire at the shrine office regarding the types of items available and the offering fees.
Access Information
Location
963-6131
Baba, Tanagura, Tanagura-machi, Higashishirakawa-gun, Fukushima Prefecture
Access by Train and Bus
From JR Suigun Line “Iwaki-Tanagura Station”
- Walking: Approximately 20 minutes (approximately 1.5 km)
- Taxi: Approximately 5 minutes
- Local Bus: Tanagura Town Loop Bus available (infrequent service, prior confirmation recommended)
Iwaki-Tanagura Station is one of the main stations on the Suigun Line, accessible from Koriyama and Mito. The route from the station to the shrine is relatively flat and easily reachable on foot.
Access by Car
From the Tohoku Expressway
- From Shirakawa IC: Approximately 30 minutes (approx. 20km) via National Route 289
- From Nasu IC: Approximately 40 minutes (approx. 25km) via National Route 294
From the Joban Expressway
- From Iwaki Chuo IC: Approximately 70 minutes (approx. 60km) via National Route 49 and National Route 118
Parking
There is a free parking lot for visitors near the shrine. Approximately 10 regular-sized cars can park there. It may get crowded during major festivals such as the annual grand festival, so it is recommended to visit with plenty of time to spare.
Manners and Precautions for Visiting a Shrine
Etiquette for Visiting a Shrine
Please observe the basic etiquette for visiting a shrine.
- Bow before passing through the torii gate: This is a courtesy when entering the sacred area.
- Avoid walking in the center of the approach to the shrine: The center of the approach is considered the path of the gods.
- Purify yourself at the water basin: Purify your left hand, then your right hand, then your mouth.
- Worship in front of the main hall: The basic procedure is two bows, two claps, and one bow.
- Bow deeply twice
- Clap your hands twice
- Finally, bow deeply once
Attire
There are no specific dress code requirements, but as it is a sacred place, clean and subdued attire is desirable. For formal occasions such as the annual festival, formal attire is appropriate.
Photography
Photography is generally permitted on the shrine grounds, but please refrain from taking pictures inside the shrine or during religious ceremonies, or obtain permission beforehand. Please be considerate of other worshippers.
Visiting Hours
The shrine grounds are generally open for worship throughout the day, but the shrine office has limited hours. If you wish to receive a Goshuin (temple/shrine stamp) or other amulets, we recommend visiting between 9:00 AM and 4:00 PM. However, please note that the shrine priest may not always be present, so if you wish to be sure of receiving assistance, please call in advance to confirm.
Nearby Tourist Attractions
When visiting Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine, we recommend also visiting the nearby tourist attractions.
Chikatsu Tsutsukowake Shrine
Chikatsu Tsutsukowake Shrine, located in the same town of Tanagura, has a deep historical connection to Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine. Visiting both shrines will give you a deeper understanding of the history of Tsutsukowake Shrine. They are approximately a 10-minute drive apart.
Tanagura Castle Ruins (Kamegajo Park)
These are the ruins of the castle of the Tanagura Domain during the Edo period, and are now maintained as a park. It is also known as a famous cherry blossom viewing spot, and is bustling with many visitors in spring. It is approximately a 15-minute walk from Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine.
Yamizo Mountain
Yamizo Mountain, the sacred object of worship at Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine, is a 1,022m-high mountain located on the border of Fukushima and Ibaraki Prefectures. Hiking trails are well-maintained, and the summit offers spectacular views of the Kanto Plain and the Nasu Mountains.
Akadate Park
This park in Tanagura Town is rich in nature and offers beautiful scenery throughout the seasons. It is particularly beautiful during the autumn foliage season and is a popular recreational spot for locals.
Michi-no-Eki Tamakawa
This roadside station is located in Tamakawa Village, about a 20-minute drive from Tanagura Town. You can purchase fresh local produce and specialty products, and there are also restaurants.
About Tanagura Town
Tanagura Town, where Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine is located, is a town of approximately 14,000 people located in Higashishirakawa District, in the southern part of Fukushima Prefecture. It has flourished as a transportation hub since ancient times and developed as a castle town of the Tanagura Domain during the Edo period.
History and Culture
Tanagura Town has a long history, with Jomon period ruins having been discovered. In the Middle Ages, it was under the rule of the Shirakawa Yuki clan, and during the Edo period, the Tanagura Domain was established. The Tanagura Domain was an important domain ruled by a fudai daimyo (hereditary feudal lord) and flourished as a post town on the Oshu Kaido (highway).
Even today, many historical buildings and cultural assets remain, making it a paradise for history buffs. There are numerous points of interest, including the Tsutsukowake Shrine (both Baba and Chikatsu shrines), the ruins of Tanagura Castle, and the ruins of Akadate Castle.
Natural Environment
Tanagura Town is a naturally rich area surrounded by the mountains of the Yamizo mountain range. The Kuji River, known for its clear waters, flows through the town, offering beautiful scenery throughout the seasons. Agriculture is thriving, and rice cultivation in particular is famous.
Local Specialties
- Tanagura Rice: Delicious rice grown with the pure water of the Yamizo Mountains
- Frozen Mochi: A traditional preserved food made using the winter cold
- Soba: Handmade soba noodles made with locally produced buckwheat flour
- Japanese Sake: Local sake brewed at a local sake brewery
Summary
Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine is a venerable shrine with a history of over 1200 years, and continues to attract many worshippers as the center of Yamizo Mountain worship. It enshrines the god of agriculture and the god of war, and is believed to offer various blessings such as abundant harvests, business prosperity, and family safety.
Nestled in the quiet environment of Tanagura Town, the shrine is the perfect place to escape the hustle and bustle of the city and find peace of mind. The historic shrine buildings, sacred trees, and the sacred atmosphere of the grounds provide visitors with peace and strength.
Its convenient access, within walking distance of JR Iwaki-Tanagura Station, is another attractive feature. When you visit Fukushima Prefecture, be sure to stop by Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine. It’s sure to be a memorable pilgrimage experience.
When visiting, please observe the pilgrimage etiquette outlined in this article and remember to show respect to the deities. Visiting during festivals such as the annual grand festival will also allow you to experience the local traditional culture.
By visiting nearby tourist spots such as Chikatsu Tsutsukowake Shrine and the Tanagura Castle ruins in addition to Baba Tsutsukowake Shrine, you can gain a deeper understanding of Tanagura Town’s history and culture. Enjoy a fulfilling time in Tanagura Town, blessed with abundant nature and history.
